Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.

Karnataka, a state in south India, reported its first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on March 8, 2020, more than a month after the first case was reported in India. We used a combination of contact tracing and genomic epidemiology to trace the spread o...

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Main Authors: Chitra Pattabiraman, Farhat Habib, Harsha P K, Risha Rasheed, Pramada Prasad, Vijayalakshmi Reddy, Prameela Dinesh, Tina Damodar, Kiran Hosallimath, Anson K George, Nakka Vijay Kiran Reddy, Banerjee John, Amrita Pattanaik, Narendra Kumar, Reeta S Mani, Manjunatha M Venkataswamy, Shafeeq K Shahul Hameed, Prakash Kumar B G, Anita Desai, Ravi Vasanthapuram
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2020-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243412&type=printable
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author Chitra Pattabiraman
Farhat Habib
Harsha P K
Risha Rasheed
Pramada Prasad
Vijayalakshmi Reddy
Prameela Dinesh
Tina Damodar
Kiran Hosallimath
Anson K George
Nakka Vijay Kiran Reddy
Banerjee John
Amrita Pattanaik
Narendra Kumar
Reeta S Mani
Manjunatha M Venkataswamy
Shafeeq K Shahul Hameed
Prakash Kumar B G
Anita Desai
Ravi Vasanthapuram
author_facet Chitra Pattabiraman
Farhat Habib
Harsha P K
Risha Rasheed
Pramada Prasad
Vijayalakshmi Reddy
Prameela Dinesh
Tina Damodar
Kiran Hosallimath
Anson K George
Nakka Vijay Kiran Reddy
Banerjee John
Amrita Pattanaik
Narendra Kumar
Reeta S Mani
Manjunatha M Venkataswamy
Shafeeq K Shahul Hameed
Prakash Kumar B G
Anita Desai
Ravi Vasanthapuram
author_sort Chitra Pattabiraman
collection DOAJ
description Karnataka, a state in south India, reported its first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on March 8, 2020, more than a month after the first case was reported in India. We used a combination of contact tracing and genomic epidemiology to trace the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the state up until May 21, 2020 (1578 cases). We obtained 91 genomes of SARS-CoV-2 which clustered into seven lineages (Pangolin lineages-A, B, B.1, B.1.80, B.1.1, B.4, and B.6). The lineages in Karnataka were known to be circulating in China, Southeast Asia, Iran, Europe and other parts of India and are likely to have been imported into the state both by international and domestic travel. Our sequences grouped into 17 contact clusters and 24 cases with no known contacts. We found 14 of the 17 contact clusters had a single lineage of the virus, consistent with multiple introductions and most (12/17) were contained within a single district, reflecting local spread. In most of the 17 clusters, the index case (12/17) and spreaders (11/17) were symptomatic. Of the 91 sequences, 47 belonged to the B.6 lineage, including eleven of 24 cases with no known contact, indicating ongoing transmission of this lineage in the state. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Karnataka suggests multiple introductions of the virus followed by local transmission in parallel with ongoing viral evolution. This is the first study from India combining genomic data with epidemiological information emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to outbreak response.
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spelling doaj-art-73baddea24404816a03537c29ffb8e5c2025-08-20T03:25:46ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-011512e024341210.1371/journal.pone.0243412Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.Chitra PattabiramanFarhat HabibHarsha P KRisha RasheedPramada PrasadVijayalakshmi ReddyPrameela DineshTina DamodarKiran HosallimathAnson K GeorgeNakka Vijay Kiran ReddyBanerjee JohnAmrita PattanaikNarendra KumarReeta S ManiManjunatha M VenkataswamyShafeeq K Shahul HameedPrakash Kumar B GAnita DesaiRavi VasanthapuramKarnataka, a state in south India, reported its first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on March 8, 2020, more than a month after the first case was reported in India. We used a combination of contact tracing and genomic epidemiology to trace the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the state up until May 21, 2020 (1578 cases). We obtained 91 genomes of SARS-CoV-2 which clustered into seven lineages (Pangolin lineages-A, B, B.1, B.1.80, B.1.1, B.4, and B.6). The lineages in Karnataka were known to be circulating in China, Southeast Asia, Iran, Europe and other parts of India and are likely to have been imported into the state both by international and domestic travel. Our sequences grouped into 17 contact clusters and 24 cases with no known contacts. We found 14 of the 17 contact clusters had a single lineage of the virus, consistent with multiple introductions and most (12/17) were contained within a single district, reflecting local spread. In most of the 17 clusters, the index case (12/17) and spreaders (11/17) were symptomatic. Of the 91 sequences, 47 belonged to the B.6 lineage, including eleven of 24 cases with no known contact, indicating ongoing transmission of this lineage in the state. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Karnataka suggests multiple introductions of the virus followed by local transmission in parallel with ongoing viral evolution. This is the first study from India combining genomic data with epidemiological information emphasizing the need for an integrated approach to outbreak response.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243412&type=printable
spellingShingle Chitra Pattabiraman
Farhat Habib
Harsha P K
Risha Rasheed
Pramada Prasad
Vijayalakshmi Reddy
Prameela Dinesh
Tina Damodar
Kiran Hosallimath
Anson K George
Nakka Vijay Kiran Reddy
Banerjee John
Amrita Pattanaik
Narendra Kumar
Reeta S Mani
Manjunatha M Venkataswamy
Shafeeq K Shahul Hameed
Prakash Kumar B G
Anita Desai
Ravi Vasanthapuram
Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
PLoS ONE
title Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
title_full Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
title_fullStr Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
title_full_unstemmed Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
title_short Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Indian state of Karnataka.
title_sort genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions and spread of sars cov 2 in the indian state of karnataka
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243412&type=printable
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