Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing
Gradient doping of Nd: YAG (Nd: Y3Al5O12) can relieve thermal effect during laser operation in solid-state lasers. Direct ink writing (DIW) is an effective method for fabricating gradient-doped structures. However, the delay issue during component switching significantly affects rare-earth ion conce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003983 |
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| author | Yuhan Yang Haohao Ji Mengmeng Xie Dewen Wang Wenhao Zhou Jian Zhang Yu Liu Shiwei Wang Zheng Wang |
| author_facet | Yuhan Yang Haohao Ji Mengmeng Xie Dewen Wang Wenhao Zhou Jian Zhang Yu Liu Shiwei Wang Zheng Wang |
| author_sort | Yuhan Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gradient doping of Nd: YAG (Nd: Y3Al5O12) can relieve thermal effect during laser operation in solid-state lasers. Direct ink writing (DIW) is an effective method for fabricating gradient-doped structures. However, the delay issue during component switching significantly affects rare-earth ion concentration distribution in the samples, which includes delivery delay and transitional delay. They were respectively optimised by reducing the volume of mixing zone and by modifying component switching mode. Firstly, simulations of the mixing zone before and after optimisation were conducted using ANSYS Fluent to demonstrate the mixing uniformity. Secondly, the processes of component changes during extrusion were simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the two delay optimisation methods. Line patterns were printed using DIW with varying mixing zone volumes and component switching modes. The delay optimisation methods were confirmed to significantly reduce the impact of the delay by measuring Nd3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed to assess the influence of two delay optimisation methods on the delay. Finally, 0–0.5–1–0 at% Nd: YAG gradient-doped laser ceramics were successfully fabricated based on the proposed delay optimisation method, and the performance characterization of the Nd: YAG laser ceramics confirmed the efficacy of the method. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-739159c7bfa247aaa0fe8657c0fb4a61 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj-art-739159c7bfa247aaa0fe8657c0fb4a612025-08-20T03:22:04ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-05-0125311397810.1016/j.matdes.2025.113978Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writingYuhan Yang0Haohao Ji1Mengmeng Xie2Dewen Wang3Wenhao Zhou4Jian Zhang5Yu Liu6Shiwei Wang7Zheng Wang8School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Corresponding authors.School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Corresponding authors.State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaGradient doping of Nd: YAG (Nd: Y3Al5O12) can relieve thermal effect during laser operation in solid-state lasers. Direct ink writing (DIW) is an effective method for fabricating gradient-doped structures. However, the delay issue during component switching significantly affects rare-earth ion concentration distribution in the samples, which includes delivery delay and transitional delay. They were respectively optimised by reducing the volume of mixing zone and by modifying component switching mode. Firstly, simulations of the mixing zone before and after optimisation were conducted using ANSYS Fluent to demonstrate the mixing uniformity. Secondly, the processes of component changes during extrusion were simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the two delay optimisation methods. Line patterns were printed using DIW with varying mixing zone volumes and component switching modes. The delay optimisation methods were confirmed to significantly reduce the impact of the delay by measuring Nd3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed to assess the influence of two delay optimisation methods on the delay. Finally, 0–0.5–1–0 at% Nd: YAG gradient-doped laser ceramics were successfully fabricated based on the proposed delay optimisation method, and the performance characterization of the Nd: YAG laser ceramics confirmed the efficacy of the method.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003983Direct ink writingLaser ceramicsGradient-dopedDelay optimisationANSYS Fluent |
| spellingShingle | Yuhan Yang Haohao Ji Mengmeng Xie Dewen Wang Wenhao Zhou Jian Zhang Yu Liu Shiwei Wang Zheng Wang Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing Materials & Design Direct ink writing Laser ceramics Gradient-doped Delay optimisation ANSYS Fluent |
| title | Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing |
| title_full | Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing |
| title_fullStr | Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing |
| title_short | Delay optimisation of Gradient-Doped Nd: YAG laser ceramics via active mixing of Direct ink writing |
| title_sort | delay optimisation of gradient doped nd yag laser ceramics via active mixing of direct ink writing |
| topic | Direct ink writing Laser ceramics Gradient-doped Delay optimisation ANSYS Fluent |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525003983 |
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