Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent regulator of cerebral vascular tone and contributes to neurogenic inflammation. Clinical studies have shown that CGRP levels are elevated during the painful phase of migraine headache, then restored to baseline by antimigraine 5-HT1...

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Main Authors: A. F. Russo, P. L. Durham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2001-01-01
Series:The Scientific World Journal
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.438
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author A. F. Russo
P. L. Durham
author_facet A. F. Russo
P. L. Durham
author_sort A. F. Russo
collection DOAJ
description The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent regulator of cerebral vascular tone and contributes to neurogenic inflammation. Clinical studies have shown that CGRP levels are elevated during the painful phase of migraine headache, then restored to baseline by antimigraine 5-HT1 drugs. Conversely, CGRP is depleted in perivascular nerve terminals from patients who have suffered vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. We have investigated the mechanisms controlling CGRP expression in the trigeminal ganglia neurons, which provide virtually all of the CGRP innervation to the cerebral vasculature. We found that nerve depolarization, inflammatory compounds, and nitric oxide can increase CGRP synthesis and secretion. Using both adenoviral vectors and transfection approaches, we have shown that the increased synthesis is due to activation of a cell-specific MAP kinase-responsive enhancer upstream of the CGRP gene. Interestingly, the 5-HT1 migraine drugs are able to block this up-regulation by a mechanism that involves a very prolonged elevation of calcium. We have shown that the duration of the calcium signal is a key determinant for whether a MAP kinase responsive gene will be stimulated or repressed by calcium-activated pathways. This observation supports the importance of a finely tuned balance of calcium in the trigeminal neuron, which is intriguing in light of genetic evidence for calcium channel mutations in a rare form of inherited migraine. These studies suggest that modulation of MAP kinase control of the cell-specific CGRP gene enhancer may be a useful therapeutic strategy for neurovascular disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-738e8795c9ab4e8f89f4e0f4b2fd9b442025-02-03T06:01:23ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2001-01-0115510.1100/tsw.2001.438Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene ExpressionA. F. Russo0P. L. Durham1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USADepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USAThe neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent regulator of cerebral vascular tone and contributes to neurogenic inflammation. Clinical studies have shown that CGRP levels are elevated during the painful phase of migraine headache, then restored to baseline by antimigraine 5-HT1 drugs. Conversely, CGRP is depleted in perivascular nerve terminals from patients who have suffered vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. We have investigated the mechanisms controlling CGRP expression in the trigeminal ganglia neurons, which provide virtually all of the CGRP innervation to the cerebral vasculature. We found that nerve depolarization, inflammatory compounds, and nitric oxide can increase CGRP synthesis and secretion. Using both adenoviral vectors and transfection approaches, we have shown that the increased synthesis is due to activation of a cell-specific MAP kinase-responsive enhancer upstream of the CGRP gene. Interestingly, the 5-HT1 migraine drugs are able to block this up-regulation by a mechanism that involves a very prolonged elevation of calcium. We have shown that the duration of the calcium signal is a key determinant for whether a MAP kinase responsive gene will be stimulated or repressed by calcium-activated pathways. This observation supports the importance of a finely tuned balance of calcium in the trigeminal neuron, which is intriguing in light of genetic evidence for calcium channel mutations in a rare form of inherited migraine. These studies suggest that modulation of MAP kinase control of the cell-specific CGRP gene enhancer may be a useful therapeutic strategy for neurovascular disorders.http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.438
spellingShingle A. F. Russo
P. L. Durham
Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression
The Scientific World Journal
title Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression
title_full Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression
title_fullStr Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression
title_full_unstemmed Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression
title_short Targeted Regulation Of Cgrp Gene Expression
title_sort targeted regulation of cgrp gene expression
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.438
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