A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food

Food digestion in the gastrointestinal is a series of processes consisting of chemical and physical digestion. Recently, developing foods with controlled digestion in the stomach may attract more attention. Hydrogel foods are useful tools for designing foods with controlled digestion because it is r...

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Main Authors: Hiroyuki Kozu, Isao Kobayashi, Sosaku Ichikawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1435
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author Hiroyuki Kozu
Isao Kobayashi
Sosaku Ichikawa
author_facet Hiroyuki Kozu
Isao Kobayashi
Sosaku Ichikawa
author_sort Hiroyuki Kozu
collection DOAJ
description Food digestion in the gastrointestinal is a series of processes consisting of chemical and physical digestion. Recently, developing foods with controlled digestion in the stomach may attract more attention. Hydrogel foods are useful tools for designing foods with controlled digestion because it is relatively easy to design their food characteristics by adjusting the type and content of the additives. This review introduces the latest status of in vitro gastric digestion as a food characterization system. The in vitro evaluation of chemical gastric digestion by gastric acid and digestive enzymes focuses on INFOGEST-standardized gastrointestinal digestion protocols for healthy adults, infants, and older adults. For the in vitro evaluation of physical gastric digestion by peristalsis, the current development of gastrointestinal tract devices that precisely or efficiently simulate the shape of the stomach and gastric peristalsis is described. In addition, we introduce studies that have utilized these devices to investigate the gastric digestion behavior of hydrocolloid foods with different mechanical characteristics.
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spelling doaj-art-7384301773c74bbea677ecb8dd5da5b82025-08-20T02:18:16ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01148143510.3390/foods14081435A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of FoodHiroyuki Kozu0Isao Kobayashi1Sosaku Ichikawa2Institute of Food Research, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305–8642, Ibaraki, JapanInstitute of Food Research, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305–8642, Ibaraki, JapanInstitute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305–8572, Ibaraki, JapanFood digestion in the gastrointestinal is a series of processes consisting of chemical and physical digestion. Recently, developing foods with controlled digestion in the stomach may attract more attention. Hydrogel foods are useful tools for designing foods with controlled digestion because it is relatively easy to design their food characteristics by adjusting the type and content of the additives. This review introduces the latest status of in vitro gastric digestion as a food characterization system. The in vitro evaluation of chemical gastric digestion by gastric acid and digestive enzymes focuses on INFOGEST-standardized gastrointestinal digestion protocols for healthy adults, infants, and older adults. For the in vitro evaluation of physical gastric digestion by peristalsis, the current development of gastrointestinal tract devices that precisely or efficiently simulate the shape of the stomach and gastric peristalsis is described. In addition, we introduce studies that have utilized these devices to investigate the gastric digestion behavior of hydrocolloid foods with different mechanical characteristics.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1435food digestion controlgastric digestiongastric peristalsisin vitro digestion evaluationchemical digestionphysical digestion
spellingShingle Hiroyuki Kozu
Isao Kobayashi
Sosaku Ichikawa
A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food
Foods
food digestion control
gastric digestion
gastric peristalsis
in vitro digestion evaluation
chemical digestion
physical digestion
title A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food
title_full A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food
title_fullStr A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food
title_full_unstemmed A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food
title_short A Review on In Vitro Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Digestion for Controlling Gastric Digestion of Food
title_sort review on in vitro evaluation of chemical and physical digestion for controlling gastric digestion of food
topic food digestion control
gastric digestion
gastric peristalsis
in vitro digestion evaluation
chemical digestion
physical digestion
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/8/1435
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