An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System

The growing integration of renewable energy sources has led to the development of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control as a way to enhance system stability and offer primary frequency regulation. These functions of VSGs usually rely on the photovoltaic (PV) system or battery energy storage (B...

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Main Authors: Xian Gao, Dao Zhou, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, Frede Blaabjerg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2505
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author Xian Gao
Dao Zhou
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Frede Blaabjerg
author_facet Xian Gao
Dao Zhou
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Frede Blaabjerg
author_sort Xian Gao
collection DOAJ
description The growing integration of renewable energy sources has led to the development of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control as a way to enhance system stability and offer primary frequency regulation. These functions of VSGs usually rely on the photovoltaic (PV) system or battery energy storage (BES), which is equipped at the DC side of the system. However, due to differences in the initial state of charges (SoCs) and uneven power distribution, the SoCs of battery energy storage systems (BESs) may become unbalanced, posing risks to the healthy operation of BESs and the overall system reliability. To realize SoC balancing, an adaptive control scheme for a paralleled PV-BES-VSG power system is presented. The adaptive SoC balancing term is applied to the active power references based on a simple segmented quadratic function. The proposed control strategy can realize optimal operation of paralleled VSGs and reduce SoC imbalance at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is evaluated via a case study system consisting of two paralleled PV-BES-VSG units using Matlab/Simulink R2021a.
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spelling doaj-art-7362fe466e2b4e7d83a3c236d1d7b11d2025-08-20T02:33:44ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810250510.3390/en18102505An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power SystemXian Gao0Dao Zhou1Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam2Frede Blaabjerg3College of Information Science and Technology & College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaAAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkAAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkAAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, DenmarkThe growing integration of renewable energy sources has led to the development of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control as a way to enhance system stability and offer primary frequency regulation. These functions of VSGs usually rely on the photovoltaic (PV) system or battery energy storage (BES), which is equipped at the DC side of the system. However, due to differences in the initial state of charges (SoCs) and uneven power distribution, the SoCs of battery energy storage systems (BESs) may become unbalanced, posing risks to the healthy operation of BESs and the overall system reliability. To realize SoC balancing, an adaptive control scheme for a paralleled PV-BES-VSG power system is presented. The adaptive SoC balancing term is applied to the active power references based on a simple segmented quadratic function. The proposed control strategy can realize optimal operation of paralleled VSGs and reduce SoC imbalance at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is evaluated via a case study system consisting of two paralleled PV-BES-VSG units using Matlab/Simulink R2021a.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2505renewable energy sourcesvirtual synchronous generator (VSG)photovoltaic (PV) systemadaptive control strategybattery energy storage (BES)state of charge (SoC) balancing
spellingShingle Xian Gao
Dao Zhou
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Frede Blaabjerg
An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System
Energies
renewable energy sources
virtual synchronous generator (VSG)
photovoltaic (PV) system
adaptive control strategy
battery energy storage (BES)
state of charge (SoC) balancing
title An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System
title_full An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System
title_fullStr An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System
title_full_unstemmed An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System
title_short An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System
title_sort adaptive control strategy for a better performance of the paralleled pv bes vsg power system
topic renewable energy sources
virtual synchronous generator (VSG)
photovoltaic (PV) system
adaptive control strategy
battery energy storage (BES)
state of charge (SoC) balancing
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2505
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