Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease

IntroductionNipah virus (NiV) is one of a group of highly pathogenic viruses classified within the Henipavirus genus. Since 2012 at least 11 new henipa-like viruses have been identified, including from new locations and reservoir hosts; the pathogenicity of these new viruses has yet to be determined...

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Main Authors: Stephen Findlay-Wilson, Nazia Thakur, Lucy Crossley, Linda Easterbrook, Francisco J. Salguero, Ines Ruedas-Torres, Susan Fotheringham, Emma Kennedy, Dalan Bailey, Stuart Dowall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1517244/full
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author Stephen Findlay-Wilson
Nazia Thakur
Nazia Thakur
Lucy Crossley
Linda Easterbrook
Francisco J. Salguero
Ines Ruedas-Torres
Susan Fotheringham
Emma Kennedy
Dalan Bailey
Stuart Dowall
author_facet Stephen Findlay-Wilson
Nazia Thakur
Nazia Thakur
Lucy Crossley
Linda Easterbrook
Francisco J. Salguero
Ines Ruedas-Torres
Susan Fotheringham
Emma Kennedy
Dalan Bailey
Stuart Dowall
author_sort Stephen Findlay-Wilson
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionNipah virus (NiV) is one of a group of highly pathogenic viruses classified within the Henipavirus genus. Since 2012 at least 11 new henipa-like viruses have been identified, including from new locations and reservoir hosts; the pathogenicity of these new viruses has yet to be determined, but two of them have been associated with morbidity, including fatalities.MethodsThe efficacy and cross-reactivity of two vaccine candidates derived from the soluble glycoproteins of both NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) was evaluated in our recently established hamster model.ResultsBoth vaccine preparations resulted in strong humoral responses against NiV antigenic targets, demonstrating cross-reactive immunity. Efficacy was determined through challenge of hamsters with NiV Malaysian (NiV-M) strain. 100% of the hamsters survived a lethal challenge dose after prime/boost immunisation with glycoproteins derived from both NiV and HeV in the presence of adjuvant, with clinical signs and pathology being significantly reduced in immunised animals.DiscussionThis is first time the NiV and HeV soluble glycoproteins have been compared in the NiV-M hamster challenge model in the presence of Alhydrogel and AddaVax, providing evidence that glycoproteins from closely related henipavirus species can provide cross-protectivity against infection from alternate henipaviruses, supporting the potential of an effective pan-henipavirus vaccine for use in a frontline outbreak response.
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spelling doaj-art-735ad169155545fbb62f77fa7eedf1582025-08-20T03:12:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-02-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15172441517244Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus diseaseStephen Findlay-Wilson0Nazia Thakur1Nazia Thakur2Lucy Crossley3Linda Easterbrook4Francisco J. Salguero5Ines Ruedas-Torres6Susan Fotheringham7Emma Kennedy8Dalan Bailey9Stuart Dowall10Specialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomViral Glycoproteins, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United KingdomNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomViral Glycoproteins, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United KingdomSpecialised Microbiology and Laboratories, United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Salisbury, Wiltshire, United KingdomIntroductionNipah virus (NiV) is one of a group of highly pathogenic viruses classified within the Henipavirus genus. Since 2012 at least 11 new henipa-like viruses have been identified, including from new locations and reservoir hosts; the pathogenicity of these new viruses has yet to be determined, but two of them have been associated with morbidity, including fatalities.MethodsThe efficacy and cross-reactivity of two vaccine candidates derived from the soluble glycoproteins of both NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) was evaluated in our recently established hamster model.ResultsBoth vaccine preparations resulted in strong humoral responses against NiV antigenic targets, demonstrating cross-reactive immunity. Efficacy was determined through challenge of hamsters with NiV Malaysian (NiV-M) strain. 100% of the hamsters survived a lethal challenge dose after prime/boost immunisation with glycoproteins derived from both NiV and HeV in the presence of adjuvant, with clinical signs and pathology being significantly reduced in immunised animals.DiscussionThis is first time the NiV and HeV soluble glycoproteins have been compared in the NiV-M hamster challenge model in the presence of Alhydrogel and AddaVax, providing evidence that glycoproteins from closely related henipavirus species can provide cross-protectivity against infection from alternate henipaviruses, supporting the potential of an effective pan-henipavirus vaccine for use in a frontline outbreak response.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1517244/fullNipah virusvaccineglycoproteinadjuvantcross-protectivity
spellingShingle Stephen Findlay-Wilson
Nazia Thakur
Nazia Thakur
Lucy Crossley
Linda Easterbrook
Francisco J. Salguero
Ines Ruedas-Torres
Susan Fotheringham
Emma Kennedy
Dalan Bailey
Stuart Dowall
Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease
Frontiers in Immunology
Nipah virus
vaccine
glycoprotein
adjuvant
cross-protectivity
title Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease
title_full Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease
title_fullStr Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease
title_full_unstemmed Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease
title_short Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease
title_sort cross protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of nipah virus disease
topic Nipah virus
vaccine
glycoprotein
adjuvant
cross-protectivity
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1517244/full
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