Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana

Abstract Tomato production in Ghana is constrained by low yields and high postharvest losses. While mineral fertilizers are essential, their use is hindered by rising costs, limited availability, and distribution challenges. This study evaluated Black Soldier Fly (BSF) compost as a sustainable alter...

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Main Authors: Paul Alhassan Zaato, William Amponsah, Nicholas Kyei-Baffour, Ato Bart-Plange, Lukas Pawera, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Malick Niango Ba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01724-6
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author Paul Alhassan Zaato
William Amponsah
Nicholas Kyei-Baffour
Ato Bart-Plange
Lukas Pawera
Ramasamy Srinivasan
Malick Niango Ba
author_facet Paul Alhassan Zaato
William Amponsah
Nicholas Kyei-Baffour
Ato Bart-Plange
Lukas Pawera
Ramasamy Srinivasan
Malick Niango Ba
author_sort Paul Alhassan Zaato
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tomato production in Ghana is constrained by low yields and high postharvest losses. While mineral fertilizers are essential, their use is hindered by rising costs, limited availability, and distribution challenges. This study evaluated Black Soldier Fly (BSF) compost as a sustainable alternative to enhance tomato yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted across two growing seasons in three locations within the semi-arid northern part of Ghana, using a randomized complete block design with seven fertilizer treatments, including BSF compost, ACARP commercial compost, NPK, BSF + ACARP, BSF compost + NPK, ACARP compost + NPK, and control with no fertilizer applied. Tomato growth, fruit yield, plant biomass, water use efficiency (WUE), plant health index (PHI), economic returns, fruit nutrient content, and postharvest quality were assessed. In 2024, BSF + NPK and BSF alone showed the highest biomass content, while BSF + NPK recorded the highest WUE in both years. BSF + NPK resulted in the highest yield increase compared to the control, with an improvement of 81.7% in 2023 and 191.6% in 2024. BSF compost treatments consistently gave the highest net income, benefit cost ratio and return on investment across seasons. PHI was highest in sole BSF compost and BSF compost + NPK. BSF compost also improved lycopene, vitamin C, shelf life, and reduced microbial spoilage of tomato. BSF compost, especially when combined with reduced mineral fertilizer, significantly improves tomato yield and postharvest quality, which offers a climate-smart, circular solution for boosting sustainable vegetable production across West Africa.
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spelling doaj-art-7344d688ab0047b2b0b65e392a149ace2025-08-20T03:04:07ZengSpringerDiscover Sustainability2662-99842025-08-016112710.1007/s43621-025-01724-6Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in GhanaPaul Alhassan Zaato0William Amponsah1Nicholas Kyei-Baffour2Ato Bart-Plange3Lukas Pawera4Ramasamy Srinivasan5Malick Niango Ba6Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyWorld Vegetable CenterWorld Vegetable CenterWorld Vegetable Center, West and Central Africa (WCA)-Coastal and Humid RegionsAbstract Tomato production in Ghana is constrained by low yields and high postharvest losses. While mineral fertilizers are essential, their use is hindered by rising costs, limited availability, and distribution challenges. This study evaluated Black Soldier Fly (BSF) compost as a sustainable alternative to enhance tomato yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted across two growing seasons in three locations within the semi-arid northern part of Ghana, using a randomized complete block design with seven fertilizer treatments, including BSF compost, ACARP commercial compost, NPK, BSF + ACARP, BSF compost + NPK, ACARP compost + NPK, and control with no fertilizer applied. Tomato growth, fruit yield, plant biomass, water use efficiency (WUE), plant health index (PHI), economic returns, fruit nutrient content, and postharvest quality were assessed. In 2024, BSF + NPK and BSF alone showed the highest biomass content, while BSF + NPK recorded the highest WUE in both years. BSF + NPK resulted in the highest yield increase compared to the control, with an improvement of 81.7% in 2023 and 191.6% in 2024. BSF compost treatments consistently gave the highest net income, benefit cost ratio and return on investment across seasons. PHI was highest in sole BSF compost and BSF compost + NPK. BSF compost also improved lycopene, vitamin C, shelf life, and reduced microbial spoilage of tomato. BSF compost, especially when combined with reduced mineral fertilizer, significantly improves tomato yield and postharvest quality, which offers a climate-smart, circular solution for boosting sustainable vegetable production across West Africa.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01724-6Organic fertilizerSoil amendmentCircular agricultureVegetable farmingPost-harvest qualitySustainable agriculture
spellingShingle Paul Alhassan Zaato
William Amponsah
Nicholas Kyei-Baffour
Ato Bart-Plange
Lukas Pawera
Ramasamy Srinivasan
Malick Niango Ba
Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana
Discover Sustainability
Organic fertilizer
Soil amendment
Circular agriculture
Vegetable farming
Post-harvest quality
Sustainable agriculture
title Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana
title_full Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana
title_fullStr Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana
title_full_unstemmed Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana
title_short Black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in Ghana
title_sort black soldier fly compost enhances productivity and postharvest quality of tomato in ghana
topic Organic fertilizer
Soil amendment
Circular agriculture
Vegetable farming
Post-harvest quality
Sustainable agriculture
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01724-6
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