Mental health symptoms in electronic football players
Background The escalated competitive pressure and professionalisation of esports players could predispose them to mental health symptoms. We aimed to develop a model to explore the association between distress and anxiety/depression symptoms and potential associations between adaptive or maladaptive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2021-12-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/7/4/e001149.full |
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| author | Vincent Gouttebarge Evert Verhagen João Brito Pedro Figueiredo Ana Monteiro Pereira Pedro Teques |
| author_facet | Vincent Gouttebarge Evert Verhagen João Brito Pedro Figueiredo Ana Monteiro Pereira Pedro Teques |
| author_sort | Vincent Gouttebarge |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The escalated competitive pressure and professionalisation of esports players could predispose them to mental health symptoms. We aimed to develop a model to explore the association between distress and anxiety/depression symptoms and potential associations between adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies, sleeping disturbance, alcohol consumption and eating habits in electronic football players.Methods The present exploratory cross-sectional study includes the Distress Screener, General Health Questionnaire, Brief Cope, Sleep Disturbance Domain of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption and a set of questions regarding eating habits. A two-step robust maximum likelihood method of the Structural Equation Modelling approach was used.Results Both measurement model (χ2/df=1065.04 (637), p<0.001; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.91, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.92, standardised root mean residual (SRMR)=0.07 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05; 95% CI 0.043 to 0.053) and hypothesised structural model (χ2/df=1131.98 (648); p<0.001; TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, SRMR=0.07 and RMSEA=0.05; 95% CI 0.054 to 0.06) showed an adequate fit to the data. Stress was positively related with depression and anxiety symptoms. Only anxiety symptoms were linked with coping strategies. Maladaptive coping strategies were related to sleep disturbance, alcohol consumption and poor eating habits, whereas adaptive coping strategies were associated with less sleep disturbance, reduced alcohol consumption and better eating habits.Conclusion An integrative approach to help electronic football players when early signs of distress are present might help avoid other mental health symptoms that interfere with players’ well-being and overall health. Additionally, adequate coping strategies to manage anxiety symptoms due to distress may help counteract potential negative consequences for lifestyle habits in electronic football players. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7344839cab754d408bae632829462e36 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2055-7647 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-7344839cab754d408bae632829462e362025-08-20T02:10:34ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine2055-76472021-12-017410.1136/bmjsem-2021-001149Mental health symptoms in electronic football playersVincent Gouttebarge0Evert Verhagen1João Brito2Pedro Figueiredo3Ana Monteiro Pereira4Pedro Teques516 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAmsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands1Portuguese Football Federation, Lisboa, Portugal1 Gastroenterology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalPortugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, PortugalPortugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, PortugalBackground The escalated competitive pressure and professionalisation of esports players could predispose them to mental health symptoms. We aimed to develop a model to explore the association between distress and anxiety/depression symptoms and potential associations between adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies, sleeping disturbance, alcohol consumption and eating habits in electronic football players.Methods The present exploratory cross-sectional study includes the Distress Screener, General Health Questionnaire, Brief Cope, Sleep Disturbance Domain of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption and a set of questions regarding eating habits. A two-step robust maximum likelihood method of the Structural Equation Modelling approach was used.Results Both measurement model (χ2/df=1065.04 (637), p<0.001; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.91, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.92, standardised root mean residual (SRMR)=0.07 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05; 95% CI 0.043 to 0.053) and hypothesised structural model (χ2/df=1131.98 (648); p<0.001; TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, SRMR=0.07 and RMSEA=0.05; 95% CI 0.054 to 0.06) showed an adequate fit to the data. Stress was positively related with depression and anxiety symptoms. Only anxiety symptoms were linked with coping strategies. Maladaptive coping strategies were related to sleep disturbance, alcohol consumption and poor eating habits, whereas adaptive coping strategies were associated with less sleep disturbance, reduced alcohol consumption and better eating habits.Conclusion An integrative approach to help electronic football players when early signs of distress are present might help avoid other mental health symptoms that interfere with players’ well-being and overall health. Additionally, adequate coping strategies to manage anxiety symptoms due to distress may help counteract potential negative consequences for lifestyle habits in electronic football players.https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/7/4/e001149.full |
| spellingShingle | Vincent Gouttebarge Evert Verhagen João Brito Pedro Figueiredo Ana Monteiro Pereira Pedro Teques Mental health symptoms in electronic football players BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine |
| title | Mental health symptoms in electronic football players |
| title_full | Mental health symptoms in electronic football players |
| title_fullStr | Mental health symptoms in electronic football players |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mental health symptoms in electronic football players |
| title_short | Mental health symptoms in electronic football players |
| title_sort | mental health symptoms in electronic football players |
| url | https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/7/4/e001149.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vincentgouttebarge mentalhealthsymptomsinelectronicfootballplayers AT evertverhagen mentalhealthsymptomsinelectronicfootballplayers AT joaobrito mentalhealthsymptomsinelectronicfootballplayers AT pedrofigueiredo mentalhealthsymptomsinelectronicfootballplayers AT anamonteiropereira mentalhealthsymptomsinelectronicfootballplayers AT pedroteques mentalhealthsymptomsinelectronicfootballplayers |