Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Induced by Voluntary Hypoventilation at Low Lung Volume: A Meta-analysis

Abstract Background Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) induced through voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) may represent a low-cost alternative to systemic hypoxia. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effects of RSH-VHL training interventions on sea-level...

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Main Authors: Camille Précart, Janne Bouten, Xavier Woorons, Charly Fornasier-Santos, Grégoire P. Millet, Franck Brocherie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Sports Medicine - Open
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-025-00853-6
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Summary:Abstract Background Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) induced through voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (RSH-VHL) may represent a low-cost alternative to systemic hypoxia. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effects of RSH-VHL training interventions on sea-level physical performance compared to similar repeated-sprint training with normal breathing (RSN). Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus®, ProQuest, and Web of Science online databases were examined from inception to February 2025 for original studies investigating the changes in physical performance following RSH-VHL and RSN. Only trained participants were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was determined for repeated-sprint ability related variables [i.e., best and mean performance (RSAbest and RSAmean), sprint decrement score (Sdec)] and maximal blood lactate concentration ([La]max). PEDro scale and Begg & Mazumbar test were used to assessed risk of bias. Results From the 776 studies identified through systematic search, 10 studies including a total of 199 individuals (157 males and 42 females) were eligible for meta-analysis. While no effect was observed for RSAbest (SMD = 0.038; 95%CI − 0.252–0.328; P = 0.798) and RSAmean (SMD = 0.276; 95%CI − 0.018–0.570; P = 0.066), moderate significant effects were observed for Sdec (SMD = 0.603; 95%CI 0.180–1.025; P = 0.005) and [La]max (SMD = 0.611; 95%CI 0.223–0.999; P = 0.002) favoring RSH-VHL vs. RSN. Conclusion Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume provides putative gains in fatigue resistance during repeated sprints. Higher maximal blood lactate concentration suggests greater glycolytic contribution during RSH-VHL compared to RSN. Mechanisms underlying these effects are currently unclear and have yet to be identified.
ISSN:2198-9761