Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is a devastating disease caused by <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>, severely impacting the watermelon and melon industries and leading to significant economic losses. Currently, researchers have not identified any commercial melon varieties with high resistance to...

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Main Authors: Haoyu Wei, Sheng Han, Maihemuti Mijiti, Tingchang Zhao, Wei Guan, Yuwen Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2797
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author Haoyu Wei
Sheng Han
Maihemuti Mijiti
Tingchang Zhao
Wei Guan
Yuwen Yang
author_facet Haoyu Wei
Sheng Han
Maihemuti Mijiti
Tingchang Zhao
Wei Guan
Yuwen Yang
author_sort Haoyu Wei
collection DOAJ
description Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is a devastating disease caused by <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>, severely impacting the watermelon and melon industries and leading to significant economic losses. Currently, researchers have not identified any commercial melon varieties with high resistance to BFB, and farmers primarily rely on chemical agents for prevention and control. However, the extensive use of these agents contributes to increased drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, making it essential to develop environmentally friendly control methods. To explore the feasibility of combining the <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 strain with chemical agents for BFB management, we assessed the efficacy of 10 bactericides and the ZY1 strain against <i>Acidovorax citrulli.</i> The results show that Prothioconazole, Zhongsheng Tetramycin Solution, Streptomycin Sesquisulfate, Tetramycin, Zhongshengmycin, and ZY1 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth of <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>. We determined the biocompatibility of the bactericides with the ZY1 strain using the plate confrontation method and the flat counting method. Zhongsheng Tetramycin Solution, Zhongshengmycin, and Kasugamycin exhibited good compatibility with the ZY1 strain. Additionally, we established the optimal compounding ratio of the bactericide and ZY1 using the Horsfall method. Among these, Zhongshengmycin demonstrated the best performance when combining its efficacy against <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i> with its biocompatibility with the ZY1 strain. The combination of Zhongshengmycin and ZY1 at a volume ratio of 5:5 significantly inhibited <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>, exhibiting a clear synergistic effect with a synergy index (<i>I</i><sub>R</sub>) value of 1.542. Field tests conducted over 21 days in Beijing greenhouses, Hainan Field facility greenhouses, and Xinjiang showed that the control efficacy of the Zhongshengmycin and ZY1 combination (89.23%) significantly surpassed that of the single agent Zhongshengmycin (80.35%) and the biocontrol bacterium ZY1 (72.12%). Notably, the application rate of Zhongshengmycin in the mixture was only half that of the single agent, resulting in a significant reduction in chemical usage. The combination of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Zhongshengmycin not only decreases chemical usage but also significantly enhances control efficacy compared to using Zhongshengmycin alone.
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spelling doaj-art-73333da0b3b343b9b5749cd5bbd6cccb2025-08-20T02:53:30ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011412279710.3390/agronomy14122797Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical BactericidesHaoyu Wei0Sheng Han1Maihemuti Mijiti2Tingchang Zhao3Wei Guan4Yuwen Yang5State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Management on Crops in Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaKey Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Invasive Alien Species in Agriculture & Forestry of the North-Western Desert Oasis (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaBacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is a devastating disease caused by <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>, severely impacting the watermelon and melon industries and leading to significant economic losses. Currently, researchers have not identified any commercial melon varieties with high resistance to BFB, and farmers primarily rely on chemical agents for prevention and control. However, the extensive use of these agents contributes to increased drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, making it essential to develop environmentally friendly control methods. To explore the feasibility of combining the <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 strain with chemical agents for BFB management, we assessed the efficacy of 10 bactericides and the ZY1 strain against <i>Acidovorax citrulli.</i> The results show that Prothioconazole, Zhongsheng Tetramycin Solution, Streptomycin Sesquisulfate, Tetramycin, Zhongshengmycin, and ZY1 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the growth of <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>. We determined the biocompatibility of the bactericides with the ZY1 strain using the plate confrontation method and the flat counting method. Zhongsheng Tetramycin Solution, Zhongshengmycin, and Kasugamycin exhibited good compatibility with the ZY1 strain. Additionally, we established the optimal compounding ratio of the bactericide and ZY1 using the Horsfall method. Among these, Zhongshengmycin demonstrated the best performance when combining its efficacy against <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i> with its biocompatibility with the ZY1 strain. The combination of Zhongshengmycin and ZY1 at a volume ratio of 5:5 significantly inhibited <i>Acidovorax citrulli</i>, exhibiting a clear synergistic effect with a synergy index (<i>I</i><sub>R</sub>) value of 1.542. Field tests conducted over 21 days in Beijing greenhouses, Hainan Field facility greenhouses, and Xinjiang showed that the control efficacy of the Zhongshengmycin and ZY1 combination (89.23%) significantly surpassed that of the single agent Zhongshengmycin (80.35%) and the biocontrol bacterium ZY1 (72.12%). Notably, the application rate of Zhongshengmycin in the mixture was only half that of the single agent, resulting in a significant reduction in chemical usage. The combination of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Zhongshengmycin not only decreases chemical usage but also significantly enhances control efficacy compared to using Zhongshengmycin alone.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2797bacterial fruit blotch<i>Bacillus velezensis</i>biological controlsynergistic controlZhongshengmycin
spellingShingle Haoyu Wei
Sheng Han
Maihemuti Mijiti
Tingchang Zhao
Wei Guan
Yuwen Yang
Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides
Agronomy
bacterial fruit blotch
<i>Bacillus velezensis</i>
biological control
synergistic control
Zhongshengmycin
title Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides
title_full Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides
title_fullStr Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides
title_short Synergistic Control of Bacterial Fruit Blotch Using <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> ZY1 and Chemical Bactericides
title_sort synergistic control of bacterial fruit blotch using i bacillus velezensis i zy1 and chemical bactericides
topic bacterial fruit blotch
<i>Bacillus velezensis</i>
biological control
synergistic control
Zhongshengmycin
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2797
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