Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments

Foam pollution in the tailwater discharge from coastal power plants poses a significant challenge. However, the mechanisms underlying foam formation and stability remain understudied, which hinders the development of effective control strategies. This study investigated the impacts of temperature an...

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Main Authors: Da Liu, Hui Lin, Xiangju Cheng, Lubin Sun, Lei Guo, Changhong Hong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Coasts
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-964X/5/1/9
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author Da Liu
Hui Lin
Xiangju Cheng
Lubin Sun
Lei Guo
Changhong Hong
author_facet Da Liu
Hui Lin
Xiangju Cheng
Lubin Sun
Lei Guo
Changhong Hong
author_sort Da Liu
collection DOAJ
description Foam pollution in the tailwater discharge from coastal power plants poses a significant challenge. However, the mechanisms underlying foam formation and stability remain understudied, which hinders the development of effective control strategies. This study investigated the impacts of temperature and algal concentration on foam stability in tailwater discharge from coastal power plants through simulation experiments to elucidate mechanisms of foam stability. A laboratory simulation device was developed to adjust temperature and algal concentration and measure foam layer height, half-life, bubble diameter, surface tension, and viscosity. This device was used to replicate foam scenarios typical of coastal power plant tailwater discharge to analyze the effects of temperature and algal concentration on foam stability through comprehensive data collection and analysis across various operational conditions. The findings revealed that foam stability decreased with increasing temperatures (15–45 °C). However, during hot summer months, higher temperatures (range of 30–40 °C) hindered foam dissipation owing to algal blooms and the release of surface-active substances. The functional relationship between foam stability index (half-life, foam layer height, bubble diameter) and temperature and algae concentration was established, which provides a scientific basis for predicting foam stability under different conditions. This research elucidates the complex dynamics of foam in the tailwater discharge from coastal power plants and provides insights for developing more effective foam control strategies, potentially mitigating adverse impacts on the marine ecosystem. In future research, by adding experimental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and different types of protein polysaccharides, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of bubble generation can be achieved, providing more accurate foam suppression optimization solutions for future engineering practices.
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spelling doaj-art-73248fb2a9bd458182a57622fbed53212025-08-20T02:42:46ZengMDPI AGCoasts2673-964X2025-03-0151910.3390/coasts5010009Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine EnvironmentsDa Liu0Hui Lin1Xiangju Cheng2Lubin Sun3Lei Guo4Changhong Hong5Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510635, ChinaGuangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510635, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaGuangdong No.3 Water Conservancy and Hydro-Electric Engineering Board Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510030, ChinaGuangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510635, ChinaGuangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou 510635, ChinaFoam pollution in the tailwater discharge from coastal power plants poses a significant challenge. However, the mechanisms underlying foam formation and stability remain understudied, which hinders the development of effective control strategies. This study investigated the impacts of temperature and algal concentration on foam stability in tailwater discharge from coastal power plants through simulation experiments to elucidate mechanisms of foam stability. A laboratory simulation device was developed to adjust temperature and algal concentration and measure foam layer height, half-life, bubble diameter, surface tension, and viscosity. This device was used to replicate foam scenarios typical of coastal power plant tailwater discharge to analyze the effects of temperature and algal concentration on foam stability through comprehensive data collection and analysis across various operational conditions. The findings revealed that foam stability decreased with increasing temperatures (15–45 °C). However, during hot summer months, higher temperatures (range of 30–40 °C) hindered foam dissipation owing to algal blooms and the release of surface-active substances. The functional relationship between foam stability index (half-life, foam layer height, bubble diameter) and temperature and algae concentration was established, which provides a scientific basis for predicting foam stability under different conditions. This research elucidates the complex dynamics of foam in the tailwater discharge from coastal power plants and provides insights for developing more effective foam control strategies, potentially mitigating adverse impacts on the marine ecosystem. In future research, by adding experimental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, and different types of protein polysaccharides, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of bubble generation can be achieved, providing more accurate foam suppression optimization solutions for future engineering practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-964X/5/1/9coastal power plantfoam stabilitymechanism experimenttemperaturealgal concentration
spellingShingle Da Liu
Hui Lin
Xiangju Cheng
Lubin Sun
Lei Guo
Changhong Hong
Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments
Coasts
coastal power plant
foam stability
mechanism experiment
temperature
algal concentration
title Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments
title_full Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments
title_fullStr Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments
title_short Experimental Study on Foam Stability in Tailwater Discharge from Coastal Power Plants in Marine Environments
title_sort experimental study on foam stability in tailwater discharge from coastal power plants in marine environments
topic coastal power plant
foam stability
mechanism experiment
temperature
algal concentration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-964X/5/1/9
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AT xiangjucheng experimentalstudyonfoamstabilityintailwaterdischargefromcoastalpowerplantsinmarineenvironments
AT lubinsun experimentalstudyonfoamstabilityintailwaterdischargefromcoastalpowerplantsinmarineenvironments
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