Effects of water training with betaine supplementation on vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress markers in the cerebellum of rats with multiple sclerosis
Introduction: Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis are linked to immune system gene activation and oxidative stress, with betaine demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects by controlling these gene signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | fas |
| Published: |
Ilam University of Medical Sciences
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ’Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Īlām |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-8289-en.pdf |
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| Summary: | Introduction: Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis are linked to immune system gene activation and oxidative stress, with betaine demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects by controlling these gene signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of water exercises with betaine supplementation on vascular endothelial growth factor and oxidative stress indices in the cerebellum of rats with multiple sclerosis.
Materials & Methods: A study involving 28 adult male rats, aged 12 weeks, was conducted to study MS. MS was induced using cuprizone for 6 weeks, and the rats were divided into 7 groups. Swimming exercises were performed daily for 6 weeks, and betaine was administered daily in drinking water for 6 weeks. Cerebellar tissue was isolated and endothelial growth factor, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were measured using ELISA kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS V.22, with one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test at a P<0.05 level.
Results: MS disease causes a decrease in endothelial growth factor and superoxide dismutase levels. The lesion + exercise + betaine group showed a significant increase in the endothelial growth factor, a significant decrease in the malondialdehyde and, a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase variable compared to the lesion group (p ≤ 0.001).
Conclusion: Swimming exercises and betaine supplementation can enhance vascular growth factor indices and oxidative stress in individuals with MS by increasing endothelial growth factors and superoxide dismutase. |
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| ISSN: | 1563-4728 2588-3135 |