Study on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Battery Thermal Management System with Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> for Energy Storage Stations
Energy storage stations (ESSs) need to be charged and discharged frequently, causing the battery thermal management system (BTMS) to face a great challenge as batteries generate a large amount of heat with a high discharge rate. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>) is considere...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/2030 |
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| Summary: | Energy storage stations (ESSs) need to be charged and discharged frequently, causing the battery thermal management system (BTMS) to face a great challenge as batteries generate a large amount of heat with a high discharge rate. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO<sub>2</sub>) is considered a promising coolant because of its favorable properties, including non-flammability, high dielectric strength and low cost for the BTMS. The heat of a battery can be absorbed to a great extent if there is a small temperature rise because as the fluid temperature approaches a pseudo-critical temperature, the specific heat capacity of SCO<sub>2</sub> reaches its peak. In this study, a periodic model of the unit BTMS is established, and a numerical simulation is implemented to investigate the effects of different boundary conditions on the heat dissipation of a battery pack. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of SCO<sub>2</sub> in the liquid cold plate (LCP) of a battery pack with an extreme discharge rate are revealed. The results show that SCO<sub>2</sub> is more preferably used as a coolant compared to water in the same conditions. The maximum temperature and the temperature difference in the battery pack are reduced by 19.22% and 79.9%, and the pressure drop of the LCP is reduced by 40.9%. In addition, the heat transfer characteristic of the LCP is significantly improved upon increasing the mass flow rate. As the operational pressure decreases, the pressure drops of SCO<sub>2</sub> decrease in the LCP. Overall, the maximum temperature and the temperature difference in the battery pack and the pressure drops of the LCP can be effectively controlled by using a coolant made out of SCO<sub>2</sub>. This study can provide a reference for the design of BTMSs in the future. |
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| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |