Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

Abstract Background University students from racially minoritised backgrounds are at an increased risk of experiencing mental health difficulties but are less likely to seek support compared to students from racial and ethnic majority backgrounds. To increase the accessibility and appropriateness of...

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Main Authors: Rosa Hardy, Helen West, Peter Fisher
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22521-w
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author Rosa Hardy
Helen West
Peter Fisher
author_facet Rosa Hardy
Helen West
Peter Fisher
author_sort Rosa Hardy
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background University students from racially minoritised backgrounds are at an increased risk of experiencing mental health difficulties but are less likely to seek support compared to students from racial and ethnic majority backgrounds. To increase the accessibility and appropriateness of mental health support for university students, it is important to understand the attitudes towards seeking help for mental health of underserved student groups. This is the first systematic review to synthesise the available qualitative data which explores attitudes toward seeking help for mental health problems among students from racially minoritised backgrounds. Methods This systematic review includes qualitative studies exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health difficulties among racially minoritised university students. A literature search was carried out using PsycINFO, CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science in March 2024. Participants were racially minoritised university students. Data were synthesised using a thematic synthesis. Results Of 493 papers identified, 15 were included in the final thematic synthesis following methodological appraisal of their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. There were a total of 314 participants across all included papers. Four analytical themes were identified: “cultural attitudes” outlined how culturally specific experiences of stigma, lack of conversations about mental health, faith, and gender influenced attitudes; “interpersonal relationships” explored the impact of family and peer relationships on attitudes; “psychological barriers” described how psychological constructs, such as preference for self-reliance and feared consequences of disclosure, were culturally-informed barriers to help-seeking; and “systemic barriers” encompassed the structural barriers, discriminatory practices and perceived cultural incompetence of services and institutions that negatively impacted on attitudes towards help-seeking for mental health difficulties. Conclusion Culture, identity and social inequality inform attitudes towards help-seeking among racially minoritised students. Exploration of how these factors interact with university systems may improve the provision of mental health support. Systemic change is needed within universities and mental health services to tackle inequality and improve support for racially minoritised students.
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spelling doaj-art-73058b078e714274816b99631850d84c2025-08-20T02:27:15ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-04-0125111910.1186/s12889-025-22521-wExploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesisRosa Hardy0Helen West1Peter Fisher2Primary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of LiverpoolDepartment of Psychology, Institution of Population Health, University of LiverpoolPrimary Care and Mental Health, Institute of Population Health, University of LiverpoolAbstract Background University students from racially minoritised backgrounds are at an increased risk of experiencing mental health difficulties but are less likely to seek support compared to students from racial and ethnic majority backgrounds. To increase the accessibility and appropriateness of mental health support for university students, it is important to understand the attitudes towards seeking help for mental health of underserved student groups. This is the first systematic review to synthesise the available qualitative data which explores attitudes toward seeking help for mental health problems among students from racially minoritised backgrounds. Methods This systematic review includes qualitative studies exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health difficulties among racially minoritised university students. A literature search was carried out using PsycINFO, CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science in March 2024. Participants were racially minoritised university students. Data were synthesised using a thematic synthesis. Results Of 493 papers identified, 15 were included in the final thematic synthesis following methodological appraisal of their quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. There were a total of 314 participants across all included papers. Four analytical themes were identified: “cultural attitudes” outlined how culturally specific experiences of stigma, lack of conversations about mental health, faith, and gender influenced attitudes; “interpersonal relationships” explored the impact of family and peer relationships on attitudes; “psychological barriers” described how psychological constructs, such as preference for self-reliance and feared consequences of disclosure, were culturally-informed barriers to help-seeking; and “systemic barriers” encompassed the structural barriers, discriminatory practices and perceived cultural incompetence of services and institutions that negatively impacted on attitudes towards help-seeking for mental health difficulties. Conclusion Culture, identity and social inequality inform attitudes towards help-seeking among racially minoritised students. Exploration of how these factors interact with university systems may improve the provision of mental health support. Systemic change is needed within universities and mental health services to tackle inequality and improve support for racially minoritised students.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22521-wUniversity studentsRacially minoritisedMental healthAttitudesHelp-seeking
spellingShingle Rosa Hardy
Helen West
Peter Fisher
Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
BMC Public Health
University students
Racially minoritised
Mental health
Attitudes
Help-seeking
title Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
title_full Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
title_fullStr Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
title_full_unstemmed Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
title_short Exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
title_sort exploring attitudes towards seeking help for mental health problems among university students from racially minoritised backgrounds a systematic review and thematic synthesis
topic University students
Racially minoritised
Mental health
Attitudes
Help-seeking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22521-w
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AT helenwest exploringattitudestowardsseekinghelpformentalhealthproblemsamonguniversitystudentsfromraciallyminoritisedbackgroundsasystematicreviewandthematicsynthesis
AT peterfisher exploringattitudestowardsseekinghelpformentalhealthproblemsamonguniversitystudentsfromraciallyminoritisedbackgroundsasystematicreviewandthematicsynthesis