Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats

This study explores the impact of different color hue combinations and medium types (print and digital) on reading performance and comprehension. The purpose is to understand how these factors may influence text legibility and to offer practical insights for designers on optimizing visual design in...

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Main Authors: Petra Buljat, Dorotea Kovačević, Rahela Kulčar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11498
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author Petra Buljat
Dorotea Kovačević
Rahela Kulčar
author_facet Petra Buljat
Dorotea Kovačević
Rahela Kulčar
author_sort Petra Buljat
collection DOAJ
description This study explores the impact of different color hue combinations and medium types (print and digital) on reading performance and comprehension. The purpose is to understand how these factors may influence text legibility and to offer practical insights for designers on optimizing visual design in presenting promotional content. Fifty-two participants read texts with various color palettes presented on both print and digital formats. The following color combinations were used in the experiment: achromatic (black on gray), achromatic–chromatic (black on green), and chromatic (purple on green). Reading time and comprehension score were measured to identify any significant differences between these conditions. The results show that the color combinations significantly affected reading time, regardless of the medium type. However, neither color nor medium had a significant effect on text comprehension. The main outcome is that the combination of achromatic text on a chromatic background appeared to be the most effective combination for enhancing the legibility of promotional text. Our findings suggest that graphic designers can choose particular color combinations to optimize reading speed without worrying about negative effects on the comprehension of the texts used in promotional materials across various mediums.
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spelling doaj-art-72ff2116ce5c41dbaeec55e3c223f3ae2025-08-20T02:55:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0114241149810.3390/app142411498Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital FormatsPetra Buljat0Dorotea Kovačević1Rahela Kulčar2Department of Tourism and Communication Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of Zagreb Faculty of Graphic Arts, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaThis study explores the impact of different color hue combinations and medium types (print and digital) on reading performance and comprehension. The purpose is to understand how these factors may influence text legibility and to offer practical insights for designers on optimizing visual design in presenting promotional content. Fifty-two participants read texts with various color palettes presented on both print and digital formats. The following color combinations were used in the experiment: achromatic (black on gray), achromatic–chromatic (black on green), and chromatic (purple on green). Reading time and comprehension score were measured to identify any significant differences between these conditions. The results show that the color combinations significantly affected reading time, regardless of the medium type. However, neither color nor medium had a significant effect on text comprehension. The main outcome is that the combination of achromatic text on a chromatic background appeared to be the most effective combination for enhancing the legibility of promotional text. Our findings suggest that graphic designers can choose particular color combinations to optimize reading speed without worrying about negative effects on the comprehension of the texts used in promotional materials across various mediums.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11498legibilitycolorchromaticityhuecomprehensionreading
spellingShingle Petra Buljat
Dorotea Kovačević
Rahela Kulčar
Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats
Applied Sciences
legibility
color
chromaticity
hue
comprehension
reading
title Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats
title_full Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats
title_fullStr Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats
title_full_unstemmed Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats
title_short Determining Effective Color Combinations for Enhanced Legibility Presented on Print and Digital Formats
title_sort determining effective color combinations for enhanced legibility presented on print and digital formats
topic legibility
color
chromaticity
hue
comprehension
reading
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11498
work_keys_str_mv AT petrabuljat determiningeffectivecolorcombinationsforenhancedlegibilitypresentedonprintanddigitalformats
AT doroteakovacevic determiningeffectivecolorcombinationsforenhancedlegibilitypresentedonprintanddigitalformats
AT rahelakulcar determiningeffectivecolorcombinationsforenhancedlegibilitypresentedonprintanddigitalformats