High-energy neutrinos from blazars

Identifying the origin of the majority of high-energy cosmic neutrinos observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory remains a significant challenge. Previous studies reported evidence of a spatial correlation between blazars listed in the 5th Roma-BZCat catalog and IceCube neutrino data in the south...

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Main Authors: Buson S., Azzollini A., Pfeiffer L., Boughelilba M., Marchesi S., Lincetto M., Sanchez Zaballa J. M., Bremer A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: EDP Sciences 2025-01-01
Series:EPJ Web of Conferences
Online Access:https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2025/04/epjconf_ricap2024_04001.pdf
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author Buson S.
Azzollini A.
Pfeiffer L.
Boughelilba M.
Marchesi S.
Lincetto M.
Sanchez Zaballa J. M.
Bremer A.
author_facet Buson S.
Azzollini A.
Pfeiffer L.
Boughelilba M.
Marchesi S.
Lincetto M.
Sanchez Zaballa J. M.
Bremer A.
author_sort Buson S.
collection DOAJ
description Identifying the origin of the majority of high-energy cosmic neutrinos observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory remains a significant challenge. Previous studies reported evidence of a spatial correlation between blazars listed in the 5th Roma-BZCat catalog and IceCube neutrino data in the southern celestial hemisphere. The statistical significance of this correlation was determined to be 2 × 10−6 after accounting for trials. In subsequent work, we investigated whether a similar correlation exists in the northern hemisphere, where IceCube predominantly detects neutrinos with energies ≲ 0.1 PeV. Our analysis reveals a consistent correlation between blazars and neutrino data in the northern hemisphere, with a pre-trial p-value of 5.12 × 10−4 and a post-trial chance probability of 6.79 × 10−3. By combining the post-trial probabilities from the southern and northern studies, we find a global post-trial probability of 2.59 × 10−7, suggesting that the observed correlation is unlikely to occur by chance. Theoretical modeling of one of these proposed neutrino-associated objects suggests that proton interactions with external radiation fields can generate a neutrino flux detectable by IceCube. These results further support the hypothesis that blazars are promising candidates for high-energy cosmic neutrino sources.
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spelling doaj-art-72dbb038d8294ca9ae32f9e7ac3df27f2025-08-20T03:05:45ZengEDP SciencesEPJ Web of Conferences2100-014X2025-01-013190400110.1051/epjconf/202531904001epjconf_ricap2024_04001High-energy neutrinos from blazarsBuson S.0Azzollini A.1Pfeiffer L.2Boughelilba M.3Marchesi S.4Lincetto M.5Sanchez Zaballa J. M.6Bremer A.7Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA), Università di BolognaDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieJulius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Fakultät für Physik und AstronomieIdentifying the origin of the majority of high-energy cosmic neutrinos observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory remains a significant challenge. Previous studies reported evidence of a spatial correlation between blazars listed in the 5th Roma-BZCat catalog and IceCube neutrino data in the southern celestial hemisphere. The statistical significance of this correlation was determined to be 2 × 10−6 after accounting for trials. In subsequent work, we investigated whether a similar correlation exists in the northern hemisphere, where IceCube predominantly detects neutrinos with energies ≲ 0.1 PeV. Our analysis reveals a consistent correlation between blazars and neutrino data in the northern hemisphere, with a pre-trial p-value of 5.12 × 10−4 and a post-trial chance probability of 6.79 × 10−3. By combining the post-trial probabilities from the southern and northern studies, we find a global post-trial probability of 2.59 × 10−7, suggesting that the observed correlation is unlikely to occur by chance. Theoretical modeling of one of these proposed neutrino-associated objects suggests that proton interactions with external radiation fields can generate a neutrino flux detectable by IceCube. These results further support the hypothesis that blazars are promising candidates for high-energy cosmic neutrino sources.https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2025/04/epjconf_ricap2024_04001.pdf
spellingShingle Buson S.
Azzollini A.
Pfeiffer L.
Boughelilba M.
Marchesi S.
Lincetto M.
Sanchez Zaballa J. M.
Bremer A.
High-energy neutrinos from blazars
EPJ Web of Conferences
title High-energy neutrinos from blazars
title_full High-energy neutrinos from blazars
title_fullStr High-energy neutrinos from blazars
title_full_unstemmed High-energy neutrinos from blazars
title_short High-energy neutrinos from blazars
title_sort high energy neutrinos from blazars
url https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2025/04/epjconf_ricap2024_04001.pdf
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AT boughelilbam highenergyneutrinosfromblazars
AT marchesis highenergyneutrinosfromblazars
AT lincettom highenergyneutrinosfromblazars
AT sanchezzaballajm highenergyneutrinosfromblazars
AT bremera highenergyneutrinosfromblazars