Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process

Colloids and macromolecules are the major compounds in wine particulate matter and play an important role in many wine properties that change during the winemaking process. However, methodologies are lacking to characterize and quantify the changes these compounds undergo throughout the process. Thi...

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Main Authors: Daniel E. Osorio-Macías, Raúl Ferrer-Gallego, Jaeyeong Choi, Björn Bergenståhl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Soft Matter
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsfm.2025.1579973/full
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author Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
Raúl Ferrer-Gallego
Jaeyeong Choi
Björn Bergenståhl
author_facet Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
Raúl Ferrer-Gallego
Jaeyeong Choi
Björn Bergenståhl
author_sort Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
collection DOAJ
description Colloids and macromolecules are the major compounds in wine particulate matter and play an important role in many wine properties that change during the winemaking process. However, methodologies are lacking to characterize and quantify the changes these compounds undergo throughout the process. This work uses asymmetric flow-field fractionation coupled to multiple detectors (AF4–MALS–dRI–UV) to separate, characterize, and quantify colloidal and macromolecular properties. Furthermore it provides useful information on the evolution and dynamics of these colloidal and macromolecular fractions throughout five winemaking stages. The results showed that the (AF4–MALS–dRI–UV) technique allows monitoring changes in specific colloidal and macromolecular properties during the winemaking process. In this study, three populations were separated and classified according to their nature and main properties throughout the winemaking process. It was observed that concentration, c, and specific absorptivity (ɛ) tend to vary more depending on the wine variety and the vinification stage. However, the maturation and aging stages tended to stabilize changes in the early stages. In contrast, properties such as hydrodynamic radius (rH), molar mass (MW) and regularly the apparent density (p^) tend to remain more stable as the winemaking process progresses. The results demonstrated the use of AF4–MALS–dRI–UV as a robust and feasible technique to separate the wine particle matter and to monitor fundamental colloidal and macromolecular properties in a wide variety of samples without the support of additional techniques throughout the winemaking process.
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spelling doaj-art-72daa5d2a3f2427bada129bda0ac6da62025-08-20T03:07:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Soft Matter2813-04992025-05-01510.3389/frsfm.2025.15799731579973Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking processDaniel E. Osorio-Macías0Daniel E. Osorio-Macías1Raúl Ferrer-Gallego2Jaeyeong Choi3Björn Bergenståhl4Division of Food and Pharma, Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, SwedenSchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Natural Sciences, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, BoliviaDepartment of Ecology, Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-CSIC-UV-GV), Valencia, SpainDepartment of Chemistry, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of KoreaDivision of Food and Pharma, Department of Process and Life Science Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, SwedenColloids and macromolecules are the major compounds in wine particulate matter and play an important role in many wine properties that change during the winemaking process. However, methodologies are lacking to characterize and quantify the changes these compounds undergo throughout the process. This work uses asymmetric flow-field fractionation coupled to multiple detectors (AF4–MALS–dRI–UV) to separate, characterize, and quantify colloidal and macromolecular properties. Furthermore it provides useful information on the evolution and dynamics of these colloidal and macromolecular fractions throughout five winemaking stages. The results showed that the (AF4–MALS–dRI–UV) technique allows monitoring changes in specific colloidal and macromolecular properties during the winemaking process. In this study, three populations were separated and classified according to their nature and main properties throughout the winemaking process. It was observed that concentration, c, and specific absorptivity (ɛ) tend to vary more depending on the wine variety and the vinification stage. However, the maturation and aging stages tended to stabilize changes in the early stages. In contrast, properties such as hydrodynamic radius (rH), molar mass (MW) and regularly the apparent density (p^) tend to remain more stable as the winemaking process progresses. The results demonstrated the use of AF4–MALS–dRI–UV as a robust and feasible technique to separate the wine particle matter and to monitor fundamental colloidal and macromolecular properties in a wide variety of samples without the support of additional techniques throughout the winemaking process.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsfm.2025.1579973/fullAF4wine colloidswine macromoleculescharacterizationwinemaking
spellingShingle Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
Daniel E. Osorio-Macías
Raúl Ferrer-Gallego
Jaeyeong Choi
Björn Bergenståhl
Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
Frontiers in Soft Matter
AF4
wine colloids
wine macromolecules
characterization
winemaking
title Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
title_full Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
title_fullStr Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
title_full_unstemmed Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
title_short Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
title_sort asymmetric flow field flow fractionation for the monitoring of red wine colloids and macromolecules throughout the winemaking process
topic AF4
wine colloids
wine macromolecules
characterization
winemaking
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsfm.2025.1579973/full
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