The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development

Cell polarity is fundamental to morphogenesis across living organisms. In plants, a dynamic interplay between polarity cues and the cytoskeleton orchestrates essential asymmetric cell divisions across diverse species. Here, we focus on three functions for the cytoskeleton—organelle positioning, cell...

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Main Authors: Akanksha Garhewal, Gabriel J. Angres, Andrew Muroyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1618444/full
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author Akanksha Garhewal
Gabriel J. Angres
Andrew Muroyama
author_facet Akanksha Garhewal
Gabriel J. Angres
Andrew Muroyama
author_sort Akanksha Garhewal
collection DOAJ
description Cell polarity is fundamental to morphogenesis across living organisms. In plants, a dynamic interplay between polarity cues and the cytoskeleton orchestrates essential asymmetric cell divisions across diverse species. Here, we focus on three functions for the cytoskeleton—organelle positioning, cell growth and mitosis—and discuss our current understanding of how polarity controls these processes. By taking a comparative approach that highlights what is known about these pathways across plant species, we spotlight both the broadly conserved and cell type-specific ways that polarity can regulate division orientation. Because there have been significant developments in the field within the last several years, we focus our attention on recent work and give our perspective on exciting future avenues of investigation into the reciprocal relationship between polarity and the cytoskeleton.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-72b320fdf1b24b32a9791109a9459d202025-08-20T02:34:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-05-011310.3389/fcell.2025.16184441618444The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant developmentAkanksha GarhewalGabriel J. AngresAndrew MuroyamaCell polarity is fundamental to morphogenesis across living organisms. In plants, a dynamic interplay between polarity cues and the cytoskeleton orchestrates essential asymmetric cell divisions across diverse species. Here, we focus on three functions for the cytoskeleton—organelle positioning, cell growth and mitosis—and discuss our current understanding of how polarity controls these processes. By taking a comparative approach that highlights what is known about these pathways across plant species, we spotlight both the broadly conserved and cell type-specific ways that polarity can regulate division orientation. Because there have been significant developments in the field within the last several years, we focus our attention on recent work and give our perspective on exciting future avenues of investigation into the reciprocal relationship between polarity and the cytoskeleton.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1618444/fullpolaritycytoskeletonmicrotubuleF-actincell divisionplant development
spellingShingle Akanksha Garhewal
Gabriel J. Angres
Andrew Muroyama
The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
polarity
cytoskeleton
microtubule
F-actin
cell division
plant development
title The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
title_full The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
title_fullStr The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
title_full_unstemmed The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
title_short The polar code for patterning: how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
title_sort polar code for patterning how polarity and the cytoskeleton orchestrate asymmetric cell division during plant development
topic polarity
cytoskeleton
microtubule
F-actin
cell division
plant development
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1618444/full
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