Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles

Optimal needle trajectory selection is critical in biopsy procedures to minimize tissue damage and ensure diagnostic accuracy. Timely trajectory planning is essential, as it relies on preoperative CT imaging. Prolonged processing times increase the risk of patient movement, rendering the planned pat...

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Main Authors: Jian Liu, Shuai Kang, Juan Ren, Dongxia Zhang, Bing Niu, Kai Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2137
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author Jian Liu
Shuai Kang
Juan Ren
Dongxia Zhang
Bing Niu
Kai Xu
author_facet Jian Liu
Shuai Kang
Juan Ren
Dongxia Zhang
Bing Niu
Kai Xu
author_sort Jian Liu
collection DOAJ
description Optimal needle trajectory selection is critical in biopsy procedures to minimize tissue damage and ensure diagnostic accuracy. Timely trajectory planning is essential, as it relies on preoperative CT imaging. Prolonged processing times increase the risk of patient movement, rendering the planned path invalid. Traditional methods relying on clinician expertise or slow algorithms struggle with complex anatomical modeling for structures such as blood vessels. We introduce a novel method that reframes trajectory planning as an optimal puncture site identification problem by leveraging optical principles and computer rendering. A 3D model of key anatomical structures is reconstructed from CT images and segmented using SegResNet (average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.9122). A virtual light source positioned at the target illuminates the space, assigning distinct absorption coefficients to tissues based on needle permissibility and risk. Diffuse reflection simulates needle angle, and accumulated absorption represents depth, capturing puncture constraints. This simulation generates a grayscale map on the skin surface, highlighting candidate puncture sites. Furthermore, we employ a random forest-based method to model clinician preferences. This model analyzes an RGB image derived from the grayscale distribution to automatically select the optimal path and determine the needle entry point. The experimental evaluation demonstrates an average computation time of just 1.905 s per sample, which is significantly faster than traditional methods that require seconds to minutes. Moreover, clinical assessment by a thoracic surgeon found that 78% of the recommended paths met clinical standards, with 0% deemed unsatisfactory. These findings suggest that our method provides a rapid, intuitive, and reliable decision-support tool, improving biopsy safety and efficiency.
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spelling doaj-art-72ad6c7cc09344d6acb301d1f0b376ea2025-08-20T02:15:54ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-03-01257213710.3390/s25072137Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination PrinciplesJian Liu0Shuai Kang1Juan Ren2Dongxia Zhang3Bing Niu4Kai Xu5School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201100, ChinaShanghai Simple Touch Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, ChinaShanghai Simple Touch Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, ChinaShanghai Simple Touch Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, ChinaShanghai Simple Touch Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201600, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201100, ChinaOptimal needle trajectory selection is critical in biopsy procedures to minimize tissue damage and ensure diagnostic accuracy. Timely trajectory planning is essential, as it relies on preoperative CT imaging. Prolonged processing times increase the risk of patient movement, rendering the planned path invalid. Traditional methods relying on clinician expertise or slow algorithms struggle with complex anatomical modeling for structures such as blood vessels. We introduce a novel method that reframes trajectory planning as an optimal puncture site identification problem by leveraging optical principles and computer rendering. A 3D model of key anatomical structures is reconstructed from CT images and segmented using SegResNet (average Dice similarity coefficient of 0.9122). A virtual light source positioned at the target illuminates the space, assigning distinct absorption coefficients to tissues based on needle permissibility and risk. Diffuse reflection simulates needle angle, and accumulated absorption represents depth, capturing puncture constraints. This simulation generates a grayscale map on the skin surface, highlighting candidate puncture sites. Furthermore, we employ a random forest-based method to model clinician preferences. This model analyzes an RGB image derived from the grayscale distribution to automatically select the optimal path and determine the needle entry point. The experimental evaluation demonstrates an average computation time of just 1.905 s per sample, which is significantly faster than traditional methods that require seconds to minutes. Moreover, clinical assessment by a thoracic surgeon found that 78% of the recommended paths met clinical standards, with 0% deemed unsatisfactory. These findings suggest that our method provides a rapid, intuitive, and reliable decision-support tool, improving biopsy safety and efficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2137biopsy path planningoptical accelerationmachine learningsegmentationgraphics processing unit (GPU) optimizationclinical evaluation
spellingShingle Jian Liu
Shuai Kang
Juan Ren
Dongxia Zhang
Bing Niu
Kai Xu
Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles
Sensors
biopsy path planning
optical acceleration
machine learning
segmentation
graphics processing unit (GPU) optimization
clinical evaluation
title Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles
title_full Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles
title_fullStr Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles
title_full_unstemmed Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles
title_short Rapid Path Planning Algorithm for Percutaneous Rigid Needle Biopsy Based on Optical Illumination Principles
title_sort rapid path planning algorithm for percutaneous rigid needle biopsy based on optical illumination principles
topic biopsy path planning
optical acceleration
machine learning
segmentation
graphics processing unit (GPU) optimization
clinical evaluation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/7/2137
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