Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire

Abstract Background The rapid spread of digital technologies has become important in work and social life. However, prolonged use of digital screens, such as digital eye strain, negatively affects individuals. This has increased the importance of using valid and reliable scales to assess digital eye...

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Main Authors: Gülsün Özdemir Aydın, Nuray Turan, Tuba Çömez İkican, Semiha Küçükaydınoğlu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04149-x
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author Gülsün Özdemir Aydın
Nuray Turan
Tuba Çömez İkican
Semiha Küçükaydınoğlu
author_facet Gülsün Özdemir Aydın
Nuray Turan
Tuba Çömez İkican
Semiha Küçükaydınoğlu
author_sort Gülsün Özdemir Aydın
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The rapid spread of digital technologies has become important in work and social life. However, prolonged use of digital screens, such as digital eye strain, negatively affects individuals. This has increased the importance of using valid and reliable scales to assess digital eye strain. Methods To adapt the Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire (DESQ) into Turkish for validity and reliability. This study followed a methodological research design in accordance with the EQUATOR checklist. This methodological study was conducted in Istanbul with 401 individuals continuously exposed to digital screens for at least 2 h. Data were collected via the sociodemographic characteristics form, DESQ, and the Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS). The study was conducted in five consecutive stages: direct translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, expert committee evaluation, and validity and reliability analysis. Results Individuals spent an average of 6.66 ± 3.20 h per day in front of a digital screen. The content validity index of the DESQ was found to be 0.962, and the confirmatory factor analysis results, the model's fit indices were high and statistically significant (χ2 = 161.689, sd = 62). The reliability analysis revealed that the Kuder‒Richardson 20 value was 0.787, and the item‒total correlation values ranged between 0.306 and 0.517. The parallel form correlation between the DESQ and PIUS scores revealed statistically significant relationships between the subdimensions and total scores. Conclusions The results prove that the Turkish version of the DESQ is valid and reliable for assessing digital eye strain.
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spelling doaj-art-72906f34d15e42bfb93d6c24b76e0eba2025-08-20T03:16:33ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-05-012511910.1186/s12886-025-04149-xReliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain QuestionnaireGülsün Özdemir Aydın0Nuray Turan1Tuba Çömez İkican2Semiha Küçükaydınoğlu3Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Istanbul University Faculty of Nursing, SüleymaniyeMahallesiDepartment of Fundamentals of Nursing, Istanbul University Faculty of Nursing, SüleymaniyeMahallesiDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, Istanbul University, Faculty of Nursing, Süleymaniye MahallesiDepartment of Fundamentals of Nursing, Istanbul University Faculty of Nursing, SüleymaniyeMahallesiAbstract Background The rapid spread of digital technologies has become important in work and social life. However, prolonged use of digital screens, such as digital eye strain, negatively affects individuals. This has increased the importance of using valid and reliable scales to assess digital eye strain. Methods To adapt the Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire (DESQ) into Turkish for validity and reliability. This study followed a methodological research design in accordance with the EQUATOR checklist. This methodological study was conducted in Istanbul with 401 individuals continuously exposed to digital screens for at least 2 h. Data were collected via the sociodemographic characteristics form, DESQ, and the Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUS). The study was conducted in five consecutive stages: direct translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, expert committee evaluation, and validity and reliability analysis. Results Individuals spent an average of 6.66 ± 3.20 h per day in front of a digital screen. The content validity index of the DESQ was found to be 0.962, and the confirmatory factor analysis results, the model's fit indices were high and statistically significant (χ2 = 161.689, sd = 62). The reliability analysis revealed that the Kuder‒Richardson 20 value was 0.787, and the item‒total correlation values ranged between 0.306 and 0.517. The parallel form correlation between the DESQ and PIUS scores revealed statistically significant relationships between the subdimensions and total scores. Conclusions The results prove that the Turkish version of the DESQ is valid and reliable for assessing digital eye strain.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04149-xDigital eye strainDigital screenValidityReliabilityScale adaptation
spellingShingle Gülsün Özdemir Aydın
Nuray Turan
Tuba Çömez İkican
Semiha Küçükaydınoğlu
Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
BMC Ophthalmology
Digital eye strain
Digital screen
Validity
Reliability
Scale adaptation
title Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
title_full Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
title_fullStr Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
title_full_unstemmed Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
title_short Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of The Digital Eye Strain Questionnaire
title_sort reliability and validity of the turkish version of the digital eye strain questionnaire
topic Digital eye strain
Digital screen
Validity
Reliability
Scale adaptation
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-04149-x
work_keys_str_mv AT gulsunozdemiraydın reliabilityandvalidityoftheturkishversionofthedigitaleyestrainquestionnaire
AT nurayturan reliabilityandvalidityoftheturkishversionofthedigitaleyestrainquestionnaire
AT tubacomezikican reliabilityandvalidityoftheturkishversionofthedigitaleyestrainquestionnaire
AT semihakucukaydınoglu reliabilityandvalidityoftheturkishversionofthedigitaleyestrainquestionnaire