Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation
Steel pickling sludge serves as a valuable iron source for synthesizing Fe-based catalysts in heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Here, MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst derived from steel pickling sludge was prepared via a faci...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3194 |
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| author | Jin Qi Kai Zhu Ming Li Yucan Liu Pingzhou Duan Lihua Huang |
| author_facet | Jin Qi Kai Zhu Ming Li Yucan Liu Pingzhou Duan Lihua Huang |
| author_sort | Jin Qi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steel pickling sludge serves as a valuable iron source for synthesizing Fe-based catalysts in heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Here, MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst derived from steel pickling sludge was prepared via a facile solvothermal approach and utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. Comprehensive characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the supported microstructure, composition, and crystalline structure of the catalyst. Key operational parameters—including catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, and initial solution pH—were systematically optimized, achieving 81% degradation efficiency within 30 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed SO<sub>4</sub><sup>∙−</sup> as the primary oxidative species, while the catalyst maintained high stability and reusability across cycles. TCH degradation primarily occurs through hydroxylation, decarbonylation, ring-opening, and oxidation reactions. This study presents a cost-effective strategy for transforming steel pickling sludge into a high-performance Fe-based catalyst, demonstrating its potential for practical AOP applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-728d9c0e3e0a4c75a74a67a8802b4e39 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-728d9c0e3e0a4c75a74a67a8802b4e392025-08-20T03:02:58ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-07-013015319410.3390/molecules30153194Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate ActivationJin Qi0Kai Zhu1Ming Li2Yucan Liu3Pingzhou Duan4Lihua Huang5College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaSteel pickling sludge serves as a valuable iron source for synthesizing Fe-based catalysts in heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Here, MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst derived from steel pickling sludge was prepared via a facile solvothermal approach and utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation. Comprehensive characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the supported microstructure, composition, and crystalline structure of the catalyst. Key operational parameters—including catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, and initial solution pH—were systematically optimized, achieving 81% degradation efficiency within 30 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed SO<sub>4</sub><sup>∙−</sup> as the primary oxidative species, while the catalyst maintained high stability and reusability across cycles. TCH degradation primarily occurs through hydroxylation, decarbonylation, ring-opening, and oxidation reactions. This study presents a cost-effective strategy for transforming steel pickling sludge into a high-performance Fe-based catalyst, demonstrating its potential for practical AOP applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3194pickling sludgeMoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalystperoxymonosulfatedegradationtetracycline hydrochloride |
| spellingShingle | Jin Qi Kai Zhu Ming Li Yucan Liu Pingzhou Duan Lihua Huang Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation Molecules pickling sludge MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst peroxymonosulfate degradation tetracycline hydrochloride |
| title | Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation |
| title_full | Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation |
| title_fullStr | Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation |
| title_short | Efficient Tetracycline Hydrochloride Degradation by Urchin-Like Structured MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Derived from Steel Pickling Sludge via Peroxymonosulfate Activation |
| title_sort | efficient tetracycline hydrochloride degradation by urchin like structured mos sub 2 sub cofe sub 2 sub o sub 4 sub derived from steel pickling sludge via peroxymonosulfate activation |
| topic | pickling sludge MoS<sub>2</sub>@CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst peroxymonosulfate degradation tetracycline hydrochloride |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3194 |
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