Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia

Under climate-change, micro-irrigation practices like sub-surface drip-irrigation (SSDI) coupled with optimized-fertigation and foliar-nutrition, may improve crop-productivity and quality. Hence, current study in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) comprised of three SSDI-regimes [60, 80, 100 % ETc], two...

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Main Authors: Tarandeep Kaur, Pawan K. Sharma, A.S. Brar, Anil K. Choudhary, Sanjula Sharma, H.S. Brar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324006410
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author Tarandeep Kaur
Pawan K. Sharma
A.S. Brar
Anil K. Choudhary
Sanjula Sharma
H.S. Brar
author_facet Tarandeep Kaur
Pawan K. Sharma
A.S. Brar
Anil K. Choudhary
Sanjula Sharma
H.S. Brar
author_sort Tarandeep Kaur
collection DOAJ
description Under climate-change, micro-irrigation practices like sub-surface drip-irrigation (SSDI) coupled with optimized-fertigation and foliar-nutrition, may improve crop-productivity and quality. Hence, current study in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) comprised of three SSDI-regimes [60, 80, 100 % ETc], two N-fertigation levels [80, 100 % RDN] and two nutrient-application methods [foliar-spray of KNO3 & MgSO4 (Mfoliar) versus fertigation (Mfert)] in factorial randomized-complete-block-design besides three additional controls (surface-drip + N100 + Mfoliar; surface-drip + N100 + Mfert; flood-irrigation + soil RDN + Mfoliar). The results indicated that SSDI at 80%ETc enhanced seed-cotton-yield by ∼5.3 and 9.9 %, ginning out-turn (GOT) by ∼2.1 and 4.8 %, fiber-length by ∼5.7 and 7.6 %, lint-index by ∼5.8 and 11 % and protein-yield by ∼7.8 and 11.6 %, over 60%ETc in 2019 and 2020. Oil-content, oil-yield, cake-content, and cake-yield varied significantly with increased irrigation from 60 to 100%ETc, underscoring the importance of adequate water for oil-synthesis in cottonseeds. Fatty-acid composition was sensitive to irrigation-levels, with significant reduction in saturated-fatty-acid (SFA) and unsaturated-fatty-acid (UFA) by ∼5.4 and 5.5 %, and monounsaturated-fatty-acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (PUFA) by ∼2.9 and 5.9 % at 60%ETc over 80%ETc during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Polyunsaturated:saturated (P/S) index, vital for human cardio-vascular health, increased by ∼5.2 and 7.1 % under 60%ETc. To harness higher yield with better quality fiber, protein, oil-yield and cottonseed-cake, SSDI at 80%ETc proved optimal, with no-additional benefits beyond this level. Enhancing fertigation from 80 to 100%RDN slightly enhanced UFAs and reduced SFAs. Higher UFAs is desirable for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-levels. Foliar-spray of KNO3 & MgSO4 enhanced GOT, lint-index, UFAs, MUFA:PUFA and P/S index over fertigation. SSDI improved both fiber and seed-composition over flooding. Overall, SSDI at 80%ETc, combined with fertigation at 80%RDN and foliar-fertilization offers substantial benefits for cotton-productivity and quality in water-scarce agro-ecologies. These practices improve water-use-efficiency and sustainability, hence, enhancing resilience and economic-viability of cotton-industry amidst environmental-challenges.
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spelling doaj-art-728d43c45a124e8a9bfc816fce6158ec2025-08-20T02:03:46ZengElsevierJournal of Agriculture and Food Research2666-15432025-03-011910160410.1016/j.jafr.2024.101604Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-AsiaTarandeep Kaur0Pawan K. Sharma1A.S. Brar2Anil K. Choudhary3Sanjula Sharma4H.S. Brar5Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, IndiaDivision of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India; Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; Corresponding author. Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, 171001, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, IndiaRegional Research Station, Punjab Agricultural University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, IndiaUnder climate-change, micro-irrigation practices like sub-surface drip-irrigation (SSDI) coupled with optimized-fertigation and foliar-nutrition, may improve crop-productivity and quality. Hence, current study in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) comprised of three SSDI-regimes [60, 80, 100 % ETc], two N-fertigation levels [80, 100 % RDN] and two nutrient-application methods [foliar-spray of KNO3 & MgSO4 (Mfoliar) versus fertigation (Mfert)] in factorial randomized-complete-block-design besides three additional controls (surface-drip + N100 + Mfoliar; surface-drip + N100 + Mfert; flood-irrigation + soil RDN + Mfoliar). The results indicated that SSDI at 80%ETc enhanced seed-cotton-yield by ∼5.3 and 9.9 %, ginning out-turn (GOT) by ∼2.1 and 4.8 %, fiber-length by ∼5.7 and 7.6 %, lint-index by ∼5.8 and 11 % and protein-yield by ∼7.8 and 11.6 %, over 60%ETc in 2019 and 2020. Oil-content, oil-yield, cake-content, and cake-yield varied significantly with increased irrigation from 60 to 100%ETc, underscoring the importance of adequate water for oil-synthesis in cottonseeds. Fatty-acid composition was sensitive to irrigation-levels, with significant reduction in saturated-fatty-acid (SFA) and unsaturated-fatty-acid (UFA) by ∼5.4 and 5.5 %, and monounsaturated-fatty-acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (PUFA) by ∼2.9 and 5.9 % at 60%ETc over 80%ETc during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Polyunsaturated:saturated (P/S) index, vital for human cardio-vascular health, increased by ∼5.2 and 7.1 % under 60%ETc. To harness higher yield with better quality fiber, protein, oil-yield and cottonseed-cake, SSDI at 80%ETc proved optimal, with no-additional benefits beyond this level. Enhancing fertigation from 80 to 100%RDN slightly enhanced UFAs and reduced SFAs. Higher UFAs is desirable for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol-levels. Foliar-spray of KNO3 & MgSO4 enhanced GOT, lint-index, UFAs, MUFA:PUFA and P/S index over fertigation. SSDI improved both fiber and seed-composition over flooding. Overall, SSDI at 80%ETc, combined with fertigation at 80%RDN and foliar-fertilization offers substantial benefits for cotton-productivity and quality in water-scarce agro-ecologies. These practices improve water-use-efficiency and sustainability, hence, enhancing resilience and economic-viability of cotton-industry amidst environmental-challenges.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324006410Cotton industryFiber qualityFatty acid compositionMonounsaturated fatty acidOil contentProtein content
spellingShingle Tarandeep Kaur
Pawan K. Sharma
A.S. Brar
Anil K. Choudhary
Sanjula Sharma
H.S. Brar
Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
Cotton industry
Fiber quality
Fatty acid composition
Monounsaturated fatty acid
Oil content
Protein content
title Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia
title_full Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia
title_fullStr Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia
title_full_unstemmed Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia
title_short Fiber quality, oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed as influenced by sub-surface drip-irrigation and foliar-fertilization strategy in semi-arid agro-ecology of south-Asia
title_sort fiber quality oil seed composition and fatty acid profiling of cotton gossypium hirsutum l seed as influenced by sub surface drip irrigation and foliar fertilization strategy in semi arid agro ecology of south asia
topic Cotton industry
Fiber quality
Fatty acid composition
Monounsaturated fatty acid
Oil content
Protein content
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666154324006410
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