Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and a major risk factor for the development of both memory and motor disorders. To date, there are no proven interventions to improve patient outcome after neurotrauma. A promising avenue of treatment has emerged in the use of non-invasive therapies...

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Main Authors: James D. O'Leary, Bevan S. Main, Mark P. Burns
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1560777/full
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author James D. O'Leary
Bevan S. Main
Mark P. Burns
author_facet James D. O'Leary
Bevan S. Main
Mark P. Burns
author_sort James D. O'Leary
collection DOAJ
description Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and a major risk factor for the development of both memory and motor disorders. To date, there are no proven interventions to improve patient outcome after neurotrauma. A promising avenue of treatment has emerged in the use of non-invasive therapies for recovery after brain injury. A number of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been developed, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation, as well as low intensity ultrasound stimulation and photobiomodulation therapy. However, standardized treatment regimens have not been developed. There is a clear need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-invasive therapeutics on brain injury pathology so as to more effectively guide treatment strategy. Here we review the current literature of non-invasive therapies in preclinical neurotrauma and offer insight into the potential mechanism of action and novel targets for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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spelling doaj-art-7280c544a4144e09bb33da06caf5c20d2025-08-20T02:58:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-05-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15607771560777Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overviewJames D. O'LearyBevan S. MainMark P. BurnsTraumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and a major risk factor for the development of both memory and motor disorders. To date, there are no proven interventions to improve patient outcome after neurotrauma. A promising avenue of treatment has emerged in the use of non-invasive therapies for recovery after brain injury. A number of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been developed, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation, as well as low intensity ultrasound stimulation and photobiomodulation therapy. However, standardized treatment regimens have not been developed. There is a clear need to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-invasive therapeutics on brain injury pathology so as to more effectively guide treatment strategy. Here we review the current literature of non-invasive therapies in preclinical neurotrauma and offer insight into the potential mechanism of action and novel targets for the treatment of traumatic brain injury.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1560777/fulltraumatic brain injuryplasticitynon-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)blood brain barrier (BBB)inflammationtranscranial direct current electrical stimulation
spellingShingle James D. O'Leary
Bevan S. Main
Mark P. Burns
Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview
Frontiers in Neurology
traumatic brain injury
plasticity
non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)
blood brain barrier (BBB)
inflammation
transcranial direct current electrical stimulation
title Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview
title_full Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview
title_fullStr Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview
title_full_unstemmed Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview
title_short Non-invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma: a mechanistic overview
title_sort non invasive therapeutics for neurotrauma a mechanistic overview
topic traumatic brain injury
plasticity
non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS)
blood brain barrier (BBB)
inflammation
transcranial direct current electrical stimulation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1560777/full
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