Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study
BackgroundWe aimed to explore the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of low cognitive functions among older adults in the United States (US).MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) database, a cross-sectional a...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1483790/full |
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| author | Jiuling Liu Melysze Deanne Oorloff Adithya Nadella Ning Zhou Min Ye Yifeng Tang Yuanwei Wang |
| author_facet | Jiuling Liu Melysze Deanne Oorloff Adithya Nadella Ning Zhou Min Ye Yifeng Tang Yuanwei Wang |
| author_sort | Jiuling Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWe aimed to explore the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of low cognitive functions among older adults in the United States (US).MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) database, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The GNRI served as a tool for evaluating the nutritional status of participants, who were categorized into two groups based on their initial GNRI scores: those with scores >98 indicating normal nutrition, and those with scores ≤98 indicating malnutrition. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease word list learning test (CERAD W-L), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the composite-z score which was calculated by summing the z scores of individual tests, respectively. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between GNRI and cognitive function. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted.ResultsAmong a sample of 2,925 individuals aged 60 years or older, 51.3% were women. Among these individuals, 233 were identified as malnourished. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals with malnutrition had an increased risk of low cognitive function, as evidenced by lower CERAD W-L scores (OR:1.68, 95%CI 1.19–2.36, p = 0.003), AFT scores (OR: 1.74, 95%CI 1.26–2.41, p = 0.009), DSST scores (OR:1.63, 95%CI 1.11–2.38, p = 0.012), or composite z-scores (OR:1.87, 95%CI 1.29–2.71, p = 0.001). According to the variables evaluated, the interaction effects between low GNRI level and the elderly and stroke in specific cognitive domains were significant (P interaction < 0.05).ConclusionLower GNRI level is associated with significantly low cognitive function among older adults, particularly among those who have experienced a stroke or the elderly (aged 70 years and older) population. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-727dc1b85c134cf58ec9e4b5c234cc5d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-727dc1b85c134cf58ec9e4b5c234cc5d2025-08-20T02:50:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2024-11-011110.3389/fnut.2024.14837901483790Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional studyJiuling Liu0Melysze Deanne Oorloff1Adithya Nadella2Ning Zhou3Min Ye4Yifeng Tang5Yuanwei Wang6Department of Neurology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaNanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Shuyang, ChinaBackgroundWe aimed to explore the association between the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) and the risk of low cognitive functions among older adults in the United States (US).MethodsUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) database, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted. The GNRI served as a tool for evaluating the nutritional status of participants, who were categorized into two groups based on their initial GNRI scores: those with scores >98 indicating normal nutrition, and those with scores ≤98 indicating malnutrition. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease word list learning test (CERAD W-L), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the composite-z score which was calculated by summing the z scores of individual tests, respectively. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between GNRI and cognitive function. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted.ResultsAmong a sample of 2,925 individuals aged 60 years or older, 51.3% were women. Among these individuals, 233 were identified as malnourished. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals with malnutrition had an increased risk of low cognitive function, as evidenced by lower CERAD W-L scores (OR:1.68, 95%CI 1.19–2.36, p = 0.003), AFT scores (OR: 1.74, 95%CI 1.26–2.41, p = 0.009), DSST scores (OR:1.63, 95%CI 1.11–2.38, p = 0.012), or composite z-scores (OR:1.87, 95%CI 1.29–2.71, p = 0.001). According to the variables evaluated, the interaction effects between low GNRI level and the elderly and stroke in specific cognitive domains were significant (P interaction < 0.05).ConclusionLower GNRI level is associated with significantly low cognitive function among older adults, particularly among those who have experienced a stroke or the elderly (aged 70 years and older) population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1483790/fullgeriatric nutritional risk indexcognitive functionsNHANESolder adultsUnited States |
| spellingShingle | Jiuling Liu Melysze Deanne Oorloff Adithya Nadella Ning Zhou Min Ye Yifeng Tang Yuanwei Wang Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study Frontiers in Nutrition geriatric nutritional risk index cognitive functions NHANES older adults United States |
| title | Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in United States older adults: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | association between lower geriatric nutritional risk index and low cognitive functions in united states older adults a cross sectional study |
| topic | geriatric nutritional risk index cognitive functions NHANES older adults United States |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1483790/full |
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