Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study
ObjectivesTo analyze temporal trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to evaluate risk factors and predict future trends.MethodsData were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Dise...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1578975/full |
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| author | Shuai Han Shuai Han Shuai Han Zirui Wang Zirui Wang Qiuyue Zheng Qiuyue Zheng Hua Mao Hua Mao Ju Gao Ju Gao Ju Gao |
| author_facet | Shuai Han Shuai Han Shuai Han Zirui Wang Zirui Wang Qiuyue Zheng Qiuyue Zheng Hua Mao Hua Mao Ju Gao Ju Gao Ju Gao |
| author_sort | Shuai Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectivesTo analyze temporal trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to evaluate risk factors and predict future trends.MethodsData were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. Join-point regression was used to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC) in ICH incidence and mortality. Age-period-cohort analysis assessed demographic effects, while the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model projected ICH burden from 2020 to 2036.ResultsIn 2021, China reported 3.12 million ICH cases and 913,023 deaths (68.84 per 100,000). From 1990 to 2021, ICH incidence and mortality significantly declined, with AAPCs of −1.90 and −2.42, respectively. Males exhibited higher rates, and key risk factors included low vegetable intake, hypertension, and smoking. Projections suggest further declines in incidence and mortality to 50.37 and 35.01 per 100,000 by 2036.ConclusionsDespite declining trends, ICH remains a significant public health concern in China. Targeted preventive strategies focusing on dietary improvements, hypertension management, and air quality enhancement are essential to mitigate its burden. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-726b59f2889445fbbd15aec78b4657f4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj-art-726b59f2889445fbbd15aec78b4657f42025-08-26T04:12:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-08-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15789751578975Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease StudyShuai Han0Shuai Han1Shuai Han2Zirui Wang3Zirui Wang4Qiuyue Zheng5Qiuyue Zheng6Hua Mao7Hua Mao8Ju Gao9Ju Gao10Ju Gao11Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaNorthern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaInstitute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaPeking University People's Hospital, Qingdao, ChinaWomen and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, ChinaInstitute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaNorthern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, ChinaObjectivesTo analyze temporal trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in China from 1990 to 2021, and to evaluate risk factors and predict future trends.MethodsData were extracted from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study. Join-point regression was used to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC) in ICH incidence and mortality. Age-period-cohort analysis assessed demographic effects, while the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model projected ICH burden from 2020 to 2036.ResultsIn 2021, China reported 3.12 million ICH cases and 913,023 deaths (68.84 per 100,000). From 1990 to 2021, ICH incidence and mortality significantly declined, with AAPCs of −1.90 and −2.42, respectively. Males exhibited higher rates, and key risk factors included low vegetable intake, hypertension, and smoking. Projections suggest further declines in incidence and mortality to 50.37 and 35.01 per 100,000 by 2036.ConclusionsDespite declining trends, ICH remains a significant public health concern in China. Targeted preventive strategies focusing on dietary improvements, hypertension management, and air quality enhancement are essential to mitigate its burden.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1578975/fullintracerebral hemorrhageGlobal Burden of DiseaseJoinpointage-period-cohort analysisARIMA model |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Han Shuai Han Shuai Han Zirui Wang Zirui Wang Qiuyue Zheng Qiuyue Zheng Hua Mao Hua Mao Ju Gao Ju Gao Ju Gao Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study Frontiers in Neurology intracerebral hemorrhage Global Burden of Disease Joinpoint age-period-cohort analysis ARIMA model |
| title | Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study |
| title_full | Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study |
| title_fullStr | Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study |
| title_short | Analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in China from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study |
| title_sort | analysis and comparison of the trends in burden of intracerebral hemorrhage in china from 1990 to 2021 results from the 2021 global burden of disease study |
| topic | intracerebral hemorrhage Global Burden of Disease Joinpoint age-period-cohort analysis ARIMA model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1578975/full |
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