Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions

Multi-floored grain warehouses are widely used in China due to their efficient space utilization and high storage capacity. This study evaluates the seismic performance of such structures using a Composite Structure of Steel and Concrete (CSSC) system under various grain-loading conditions. A finite...

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Main Authors: Zidan Li, Yonggang Ding, Jinquan Zhao, Chengzhou Guo, Zhenhua Xu, Guoqi Ren, Qikeng Xu, Qingjun Xian, Rongyu Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5970
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author Zidan Li
Yonggang Ding
Jinquan Zhao
Chengzhou Guo
Zhenhua Xu
Guoqi Ren
Qikeng Xu
Qingjun Xian
Rongyu Yang
author_facet Zidan Li
Yonggang Ding
Jinquan Zhao
Chengzhou Guo
Zhenhua Xu
Guoqi Ren
Qikeng Xu
Qingjun Xian
Rongyu Yang
author_sort Zidan Li
collection DOAJ
description Multi-floored grain warehouses are widely used in China due to their efficient space utilization and high storage capacity. This study evaluates the seismic performance of such structures using a Composite Structure of Steel and Concrete (CSSC) system under various grain-loading conditions. A finite element model was developed in OpenSees based on actual loading scenarios, with both pushover and time history analyses conducted. Results show that the EEF condition (E = Empty, F = Full; top–middle–bottom = Empty–Empty–Full) leads to a 35.14% increase in peak base shear compared to the FEE condition (grain on the top floor only). Capacity spectrum analysis indicates that EEF provides higher initial stiffness and lower displacement across all performance points. Time history results reveal that configurations with lighter upper mass (EFF, EEE) are more prone to top-floor acceleration amplification, while FFF and FFE demonstrate more stable responses due to balanced mass distribution. The maximum inter-story drift consistently occurs at the second floor, with FFF and FFE showing the most significant deformation. All drift ratios meet code limits, confirming the safety and applicability of the CSSC system under various storage scenarios.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-724525470769486bb27c4fefbea63acc2025-08-20T03:11:18ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511597010.3390/app15115970Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading ConditionsZidan Li0Yonggang Ding1Jinquan Zhao2Chengzhou Guo3Zhenhua Xu4Guoqi Ren5Qikeng Xu6Qingjun Xian7Rongyu Yang8Henan Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Storage Facility & Safety, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Storage Facility & Safety, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Storage Facility & Safety, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan University of Technology Design and Research Academy Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Grain and Oil Storage Facility & Safety, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaMulti-floored grain warehouses are widely used in China due to their efficient space utilization and high storage capacity. This study evaluates the seismic performance of such structures using a Composite Structure of Steel and Concrete (CSSC) system under various grain-loading conditions. A finite element model was developed in OpenSees based on actual loading scenarios, with both pushover and time history analyses conducted. Results show that the EEF condition (E = Empty, F = Full; top–middle–bottom = Empty–Empty–Full) leads to a 35.14% increase in peak base shear compared to the FEE condition (grain on the top floor only). Capacity spectrum analysis indicates that EEF provides higher initial stiffness and lower displacement across all performance points. Time history results reveal that configurations with lighter upper mass (EFF, EEE) are more prone to top-floor acceleration amplification, while FFF and FFE demonstrate more stable responses due to balanced mass distribution. The maximum inter-story drift consistently occurs at the second floor, with FFF and FFE showing the most significant deformation. All drift ratios meet code limits, confirming the safety and applicability of the CSSC system under various storage scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5970multi-floored grain warehousepushover analysisdynamic analysisseismic performance
spellingShingle Zidan Li
Yonggang Ding
Jinquan Zhao
Chengzhou Guo
Zhenhua Xu
Guoqi Ren
Qikeng Xu
Qingjun Xian
Rongyu Yang
Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions
Applied Sciences
multi-floored grain warehouse
pushover analysis
dynamic analysis
seismic performance
title Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions
title_full Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions
title_fullStr Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions
title_short Seismic Response Analysis of Multi-Floored Grain Warehouses with Composite Structures Under Varying Grain-Loading Conditions
title_sort seismic response analysis of multi floored grain warehouses with composite structures under varying grain loading conditions
topic multi-floored grain warehouse
pushover analysis
dynamic analysis
seismic performance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5970
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