Examining the urban morphology and defensive mechanisms of Dutch Malacca via topology, space syntax, and sDNA under the framework of CPTED theory
Abstract The fragmentation in Malacca’s urban space largely stems from historical planning issues, initially driven more by external pressures than developmental guidance. Based on Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory, space syntax, topological modeling and Spatial Design Net...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Humanities & Social Sciences Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05390-x |
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