The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results
We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO), a large program of the ALMA. AGE-PRO aims to systematically trace the evolution of gas disk mass and size throughout the lifetime of protoplanetary disks. It uses a carefully select...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addebe |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849706108622471168 |
|---|---|
| author | Ke Zhang Laura M. Pérez Ilaria Pascucci Paola Pinilla Lucas A. Cieza John Carpenter Leon Trapman Dingshan Deng Carolina Agurto-Gangas Anibal Sierra Nicolás T. Kurtovic Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez Miguel Vioque James Miley Benoît Tabone Camilo González-Ruilova Rossella Anania Giovanni P. Rosotti Estephani TorresVillanueva Michiel R. Hogerheijde Kamber Schwarz Aleksandra Kuznetsova |
| author_facet | Ke Zhang Laura M. Pérez Ilaria Pascucci Paola Pinilla Lucas A. Cieza John Carpenter Leon Trapman Dingshan Deng Carolina Agurto-Gangas Anibal Sierra Nicolás T. Kurtovic Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez Miguel Vioque James Miley Benoît Tabone Camilo González-Ruilova Rossella Anania Giovanni P. Rosotti Estephani TorresVillanueva Michiel R. Hogerheijde Kamber Schwarz Aleksandra Kuznetsova |
| author_sort | Ke Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO), a large program of the ALMA. AGE-PRO aims to systematically trace the evolution of gas disk mass and size throughout the lifetime of protoplanetary disks. It uses a carefully selected sample of 30 disks around M3-K6 stars in three nearby star-forming regions: Ophiuchus (0.5–1 Myr), Lupus (1–3 Myr), and Upper Sco (2–6 Myr). Assuming the three regions had similar initial conditions and evolutionary paths, we find the median gas disk mass appears to decrease with age. Ophiuchus disks have the highest median gas mass (6 M _Jup ), while the Lupus and Upper Sco disks have significantly lower median masses (0.68 and 0.44 M _Jup , respectively). Notably, the gas and dust disk masses appear to evolve on different timescales. This is evidenced by the median gas-to-dust mass ratio, which decreases from 122 in the youngest disks (<1 Myr) to 46 in Lupus disks, and then increases to 120 in the Upper Sco disks. The median gas disk sizes range between 74 and 110 au, suggesting that typical gas disks are much smaller than those of well-studied, massive disks. Population synthesis models suggest that magnetohydrodynamic wind-driven accretion can reproduce median disk properties across all three regions, when assuming compact disks with a declining magnetic field over time. In contrast, turbulent-driven models overestimate gas masses of >1 Myr disks by an order of magnitude. Here, we discuss the program’s motivation, survey design, sample selection, observation and data calibration processes, and highlight the initial results. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-72428b0bcfe94dd69880c7d2c07e19ce |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-72428b0bcfe94dd69880c7d2c07e19ce2025-08-20T03:16:17ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-019891110.3847/1538-4357/addebeThe ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First ResultsKe Zhang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-7517Laura M. Pérez1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-9564Ilaria Pascucci2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-1683Paola Pinilla3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-1780Lucas A. Cieza4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-1153John Carpenter5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2251-0602Leon Trapman6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-9703Dingshan Deng7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0777-7392Carolina Agurto-Gangas8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-2306Anibal Sierra9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-8073Nicolás T. Kurtovic10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-4796Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-8163Miguel Vioque12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-3846James Miley13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1575-680XBenoît Tabone14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-3225Camilo González-Ruilova15https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4907-189XRossella Anania16https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8091-5055Giovanni P. Rosotti17https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4853-5736Estephani TorresVillanueva18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-8203Michiel R. Hogerheijde19https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-537XKamber Schwarz20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6429-9457Aleksandra Kuznetsova21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-6787Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; ke.zhang@wisc.eduDepartamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileLunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USAMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury Saint Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Universidad Diego Portales , Avenida Ejercito 441, Santiago, ChileJoint ALMA Observatory , Avenida Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; ke.zhang@wisc.eduLunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, ChileDepartamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury Saint Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA) , Konigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyNational Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USAEuropean Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, ChileDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Avenida Victor Jara 3659, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS) , Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Astrophysics and Space Exploration (CIRAS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile , ChileUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale , 91405 Orsay, FranceInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos, Universidad Diego Portales , Avenida Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus on Young Exoplanets and their Moons (YEMS) , Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Astrophysics and Space Exploration (CIRAS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile , ChileDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, ItalyDepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA ; ke.zhang@wisc.eduLeiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , The NetherlandsMax-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie (MPIA) , Konigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10025, USAWe present the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO), a large program of the ALMA. AGE-PRO aims to systematically trace the evolution of gas disk mass and size throughout the lifetime of protoplanetary disks. It uses a carefully selected sample of 30 disks around M3-K6 stars in three nearby star-forming regions: Ophiuchus (0.5–1 Myr), Lupus (1–3 Myr), and Upper Sco (2–6 Myr). Assuming the three regions had similar initial conditions and evolutionary paths, we find the median gas disk mass appears to decrease with age. Ophiuchus disks have the highest median gas mass (6 M _Jup ), while the Lupus and Upper Sco disks have significantly lower median masses (0.68 and 0.44 M _Jup , respectively). Notably, the gas and dust disk masses appear to evolve on different timescales. This is evidenced by the median gas-to-dust mass ratio, which decreases from 122 in the youngest disks (<1 Myr) to 46 in Lupus disks, and then increases to 120 in the Upper Sco disks. The median gas disk sizes range between 74 and 110 au, suggesting that typical gas disks are much smaller than those of well-studied, massive disks. Population synthesis models suggest that magnetohydrodynamic wind-driven accretion can reproduce median disk properties across all three regions, when assuming compact disks with a declining magnetic field over time. In contrast, turbulent-driven models overestimate gas masses of >1 Myr disks by an order of magnitude. Here, we discuss the program’s motivation, survey design, sample selection, observation and data calibration processes, and highlight the initial results.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addebeProtoplanetary disksPlanet formation |
| spellingShingle | Ke Zhang Laura M. Pérez Ilaria Pascucci Paola Pinilla Lucas A. Cieza John Carpenter Leon Trapman Dingshan Deng Carolina Agurto-Gangas Anibal Sierra Nicolás T. Kurtovic Dary A. Ruiz-Rodriguez Miguel Vioque James Miley Benoît Tabone Camilo González-Ruilova Rossella Anania Giovanni P. Rosotti Estephani TorresVillanueva Michiel R. Hogerheijde Kamber Schwarz Aleksandra Kuznetsova The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results The Astrophysical Journal Protoplanetary disks Planet formation |
| title | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results |
| title_full | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results |
| title_fullStr | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results |
| title_full_unstemmed | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results |
| title_short | The ALMA Survey of Gas Evolution of PROtoplanetary Disks (AGE-PRO). I. Program Overview and Summary of First Results |
| title_sort | alma survey of gas evolution of protoplanetary disks age pro i program overview and summary of first results |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Planet formation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addebe |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kezhang thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT lauramperez thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT ilariapascucci thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT paolapinilla thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT lucasacieza thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT johncarpenter thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT leontrapman thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT dingshandeng thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT carolinaagurtogangas thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT anibalsierra thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT nicolastkurtovic thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT daryaruizrodriguez thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT miguelvioque thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT jamesmiley thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT benoittabone thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT camilogonzalezruilova thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT rossellaanania thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT giovanniprosotti thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT estephanitorresvillanueva thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT michielrhogerheijde thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT kamberschwarz thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT aleksandrakuznetsova thealmasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT kezhang almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT lauramperez almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT ilariapascucci almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT paolapinilla almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT lucasacieza almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT johncarpenter almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT leontrapman almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT dingshandeng almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT carolinaagurtogangas almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT anibalsierra almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT nicolastkurtovic almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT daryaruizrodriguez almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT miguelvioque almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT jamesmiley almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT benoittabone almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT camilogonzalezruilova almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT rossellaanania almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT giovanniprosotti almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT estephanitorresvillanueva almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT michielrhogerheijde almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT kamberschwarz almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults AT aleksandrakuznetsova almasurveyofgasevolutionofprotoplanetarydisksageproiprogramoverviewandsummaryoffirstresults |