Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need

The MPC-in-the-head with preprocessing (MPCitH-PP) paradigm presents a novel approach for constructing post-quantum digital signatures like Picnic3. This paper revisits the MPCitH-PP construction, analyzing both its offline and online phases and proposing a reformulation of the protocol. By identif...

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Main Authors: Guowei Liu, Guoxiao Liu, Kaijie Jiang, Qingyuan Yu, Keting Jia, Puwen Wei, Meiqin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2025-03-01
Series:Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
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Online Access:https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/12040
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author Guowei Liu
Guoxiao Liu
Kaijie Jiang
Qingyuan Yu
Keting Jia
Puwen Wei
Meiqin Wang
author_facet Guowei Liu
Guoxiao Liu
Kaijie Jiang
Qingyuan Yu
Keting Jia
Puwen Wei
Meiqin Wang
author_sort Guowei Liu
collection DOAJ
description The MPC-in-the-head with preprocessing (MPCitH-PP) paradigm presents a novel approach for constructing post-quantum digital signatures like Picnic3. This paper revisits the MPCitH-PP construction, analyzing both its offline and online phases and proposing a reformulation of the protocol. By identifying redundant computations in these phases, we optimize them into a single phase, thereby enhancing the efficiency of MPCitH-PP. Furthermore, we explore the independence of the mask, demonstrating that it can be calculated in parallel, which also enables the optimization of the masked witness calculation. Our optimized implementation of Picnic3 shows significant improvements. At the L1 security level, the optimal software implementation reduces MPCitH-PP calculation time to about 30% of the previous implementation. The optimal signature implementation costs about 78% of the previous implementation time. At the L5 security level, MPCitH-PP with parallelism optimal is reduced to about 26% of the previous solution’s time, and the optimal signature implementation runs at about 53% of the previous solution’s time. For the hardware implementation, our optimizations reduce the clock cycles of MPCitH-PP from r sequential rounds to a single parallel round, where r denotes the number of rounds in the LowMC algorithm, with little change in hardware usage, and perform better in AT product, especially for parallel computing.
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spelling doaj-art-723d86c784c848dfbb1a16ed8602756b2025-08-20T01:57:43ZengRuhr-Universität BochumTransactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems2569-29252025-03-012025210.46586/tches.v2025.i2.1-22Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You NeedGuowei Liu0Guoxiao Liu1Kaijie Jiang2Qingyuan Yu3Keting Jia4Puwen Wei5Meiqin Wang6School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaInstitute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaInstitute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China; BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Quan Cheng Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, ChinaQuan Cheng Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China; School of Cyber Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China The MPC-in-the-head with preprocessing (MPCitH-PP) paradigm presents a novel approach for constructing post-quantum digital signatures like Picnic3. This paper revisits the MPCitH-PP construction, analyzing both its offline and online phases and proposing a reformulation of the protocol. By identifying redundant computations in these phases, we optimize them into a single phase, thereby enhancing the efficiency of MPCitH-PP. Furthermore, we explore the independence of the mask, demonstrating that it can be calculated in parallel, which also enables the optimization of the masked witness calculation. Our optimized implementation of Picnic3 shows significant improvements. At the L1 security level, the optimal software implementation reduces MPCitH-PP calculation time to about 30% of the previous implementation. The optimal signature implementation costs about 78% of the previous implementation time. At the L5 security level, MPCitH-PP with parallelism optimal is reduced to about 26% of the previous solution’s time, and the optimal signature implementation runs at about 53% of the previous solution’s time. For the hardware implementation, our optimizations reduce the clock cycles of MPCitH-PP from r sequential rounds to a single parallel round, where r denotes the number of rounds in the LowMC algorithm, with little change in hardware usage, and perform better in AT product, especially for parallel computing. https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/12040MPCitH with preprocessingPost-Quantum Digital SignatureSoftware ImplementationHardware Implementation
spellingShingle Guowei Liu
Guoxiao Liu
Kaijie Jiang
Qingyuan Yu
Keting Jia
Puwen Wei
Meiqin Wang
Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need
Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
MPCitH with preprocessing
Post-Quantum Digital Signature
Software Implementation
Hardware Implementation
title Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need
title_full Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need
title_fullStr Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need
title_full_unstemmed Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need
title_short Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need
title_sort improving mpcith with preprocessing mask is all you need
topic MPCitH with preprocessing
Post-Quantum Digital Signature
Software Implementation
Hardware Implementation
url https://tches.iacr.org/index.php/TCHES/article/view/12040
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