Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration
This study investigates the paradoxical detonation behavior of TKX-50, a nitrogen-rich energetic material, exhibiting higher detonation velocities but lower metal acceleration ability compared to HMX. Through experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, we propose a novel three-factor com...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Defence Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914724002745 |
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| author | Kaiyuan Tan Yaqi Zhao Qin Liu Lixiao Hao Yushi Wen Chunliang Ji Sha Yang Haoxu Wang Luchuan Jia Jiahui Liu Zhuoping Duan Yong Han Fenglei Huang |
| author_facet | Kaiyuan Tan Yaqi Zhao Qin Liu Lixiao Hao Yushi Wen Chunliang Ji Sha Yang Haoxu Wang Luchuan Jia Jiahui Liu Zhuoping Duan Yong Han Fenglei Huang |
| author_sort | Kaiyuan Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the paradoxical detonation behavior of TKX-50, a nitrogen-rich energetic material, exhibiting higher detonation velocities but lower metal acceleration ability compared to HMX. Through experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, we propose a novel three-factor competition mechanism to explain this phenomenon. TKX-50-based PBX formulations achieved detonation velocities up to 9100 m/s, surpassing HMX-based counterparts. However, cylinder expansion tests revealed a 15% reduction in metal acceleration ability. Thermochemical measurements showed lower detonation heat for TKX-50 (4900 J/g) versus HMX (5645 J/g). Our mechanism involves: (1) compositional effects prevailing at high pressures; (2) Energy release becoming essential as pressure drops; (3) Pressure-dependent product composition evolution functioning at low pressure. VLW code calculations unveiled a ''crossover'' in Hugoniot curves, lending support to this mechanism. This study furnishes a new framework for comprehending the performance of nitrogen-rich energetic materials, with significant implications for the design and optimization of future high-energy density materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-72075be5461c4ffa90a320a025f59e66 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2214-9147 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Defence Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-72075be5461c4ffa90a320a025f59e662025-08-20T02:17:34ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Defence Technology2214-91472025-04-014625526610.1016/j.dt.2024.11.010Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal accelerationKaiyuan Tan0Yaqi Zhao1Qin Liu2Lixiao Hao3Yushi Wen4Chunliang Ji5Sha Yang6Haoxu Wang7Luchuan Jia8Jiahui Liu9Zhuoping Duan10Yong Han11Fenglei Huang12School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaSchool of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Norinco Group Air Ammunition Research Institute Co., Ltd, Harbin 150030, China; Corresponding author.Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, ChinaSchool of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaInstitute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), NO. 64, Mianshan Road, Youxian, Mianyang 621900, China; Corresponding author.School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Corresponding author.This study investigates the paradoxical detonation behavior of TKX-50, a nitrogen-rich energetic material, exhibiting higher detonation velocities but lower metal acceleration ability compared to HMX. Through experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, we propose a novel three-factor competition mechanism to explain this phenomenon. TKX-50-based PBX formulations achieved detonation velocities up to 9100 m/s, surpassing HMX-based counterparts. However, cylinder expansion tests revealed a 15% reduction in metal acceleration ability. Thermochemical measurements showed lower detonation heat for TKX-50 (4900 J/g) versus HMX (5645 J/g). Our mechanism involves: (1) compositional effects prevailing at high pressures; (2) Energy release becoming essential as pressure drops; (3) Pressure-dependent product composition evolution functioning at low pressure. VLW code calculations unveiled a ''crossover'' in Hugoniot curves, lending support to this mechanism. This study furnishes a new framework for comprehending the performance of nitrogen-rich energetic materials, with significant implications for the design and optimization of future high-energy density materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914724002745TKX-50Nitrogen-rich explosivesDetonation velocityMetal accelerationDetonation product |
| spellingShingle | Kaiyuan Tan Yaqi Zhao Qin Liu Lixiao Hao Yushi Wen Chunliang Ji Sha Yang Haoxu Wang Luchuan Jia Jiahui Liu Zhuoping Duan Yong Han Fenglei Huang Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration Defence Technology TKX-50 Nitrogen-rich explosives Detonation velocity Metal acceleration Detonation product |
| title | Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration |
| title_full | Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration |
| title_fullStr | Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration |
| title_short | Detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of TKX-50: High detonation velocity with low metal acceleration |
| title_sort | detonation product analysis and the paradoxical performance mechanism of tkx 50 high detonation velocity with low metal acceleration |
| topic | TKX-50 Nitrogen-rich explosives Detonation velocity Metal acceleration Detonation product |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914724002745 |
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