Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment

In China, the urgent need to formulate food policies that address both nutritional health and climate challenges has become increasingly apparent. This study constructs a theoretical framework and a multi-objective programming model that takes into account income disparities, aiming to delineate a s...

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Main Authors: Wenbo Zhu, Xinru Han, Yang Liu, Guojing Li, Jinshang Wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1464965/full
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author Wenbo Zhu
Xinru Han
Xinru Han
Xinru Han
Yang Liu
Guojing Li
Jinshang Wen
author_facet Wenbo Zhu
Xinru Han
Xinru Han
Xinru Han
Yang Liu
Guojing Li
Jinshang Wen
author_sort Wenbo Zhu
collection DOAJ
description In China, the urgent need to formulate food policies that address both nutritional health and climate challenges has become increasingly apparent. This study constructs a theoretical framework and a multi-objective programming model that takes into account income disparities, aiming to delineate a sustainable healthy diet for Chinese residents and pinpoint key areas for dietary transformation. Our findings reveal that a sustainable healthy diet in China should involve moderate adjustments to staple foods, such as reducing rice consumption in favor of alternatives like flour and other grains. The diet should emphasize low-fat consumption, increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and a balanced intake of animal products by reducing meat, poultry, eggs, and fish, while ensuring sufficient consumption of chicken, shrimp, and dairy products. Furthermore, it recommends reducing alcohol consumption and limiting high-calorie snacks like cakes. This proposed diets achieves multiple objectives: it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system by 12.8%, decrease food expenditure by 1.1%, and significantly improve dietary quality. However, the study also highlights a trade-off between consumer interests and environmental benefits across different income groups. For the low-income group, minimal dietary changes result in a 2.0% increase in food expenses and an 11.1% increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, while the diet may slightly misalign with the preferences of middle and high-income groups, these groups benefit from reductions in food expenses (ranging from 0.4 to 4.8%) and greenhouse gas emissions (ranging from 14.5 to 23.4%). Thus, initiating reforms from the consumer end of the food system and guiding dietary patterns towards a healthier and more sustainable pattern through targeted food policies could be a crucial strategy for addressing nutritional and environmental challenges. However, it is essential to balance environmental benefits with ensuring the welfare of different income groups within China’s diverse economic landscape. This calls for differentiated policies to safeguard the wellbeing of the population.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-71fc6a40f20f4f0f92650b9f188ec9ce2025-08-20T01:54:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems2571-581X2024-12-01810.3389/fsufs.2024.14649651464965Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessmentWenbo Zhu0Xinru Han1Xinru Han2Xinru Han3Yang Liu4Guojing Li5Jinshang Wen6Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCenter for Strategic Studies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaChinese Institute of Agricultural Development Strategies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAdministration and Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, ChinaIn China, the urgent need to formulate food policies that address both nutritional health and climate challenges has become increasingly apparent. This study constructs a theoretical framework and a multi-objective programming model that takes into account income disparities, aiming to delineate a sustainable healthy diet for Chinese residents and pinpoint key areas for dietary transformation. Our findings reveal that a sustainable healthy diet in China should involve moderate adjustments to staple foods, such as reducing rice consumption in favor of alternatives like flour and other grains. The diet should emphasize low-fat consumption, increased intake of fruits and vegetables, and a balanced intake of animal products by reducing meat, poultry, eggs, and fish, while ensuring sufficient consumption of chicken, shrimp, and dairy products. Furthermore, it recommends reducing alcohol consumption and limiting high-calorie snacks like cakes. This proposed diets achieves multiple objectives: it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the food system by 12.8%, decrease food expenditure by 1.1%, and significantly improve dietary quality. However, the study also highlights a trade-off between consumer interests and environmental benefits across different income groups. For the low-income group, minimal dietary changes result in a 2.0% increase in food expenses and an 11.1% increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, while the diet may slightly misalign with the preferences of middle and high-income groups, these groups benefit from reductions in food expenses (ranging from 0.4 to 4.8%) and greenhouse gas emissions (ranging from 14.5 to 23.4%). Thus, initiating reforms from the consumer end of the food system and guiding dietary patterns towards a healthier and more sustainable pattern through targeted food policies could be a crucial strategy for addressing nutritional and environmental challenges. However, it is essential to balance environmental benefits with ensuring the welfare of different income groups within China’s diverse economic landscape. This calls for differentiated policies to safeguard the wellbeing of the population.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1464965/fullsustainable healthy dietsfood systemtheoretical frameworkgreenhouse gas emissions (GHGs)different income groupsmulti-objective programming model
spellingShingle Wenbo Zhu
Xinru Han
Xinru Han
Xinru Han
Yang Liu
Guojing Li
Jinshang Wen
Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
sustainable healthy diets
food system
theoretical framework
greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs)
different income groups
multi-objective programming model
title Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment
title_full Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment
title_fullStr Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment
title_short Sustainable healthy diets in China: a multidimensional framework and assessment
title_sort sustainable healthy diets in china a multidimensional framework and assessment
topic sustainable healthy diets
food system
theoretical framework
greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs)
different income groups
multi-objective programming model
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1464965/full
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AT xinruhan sustainablehealthydietsinchinaamultidimensionalframeworkandassessment
AT yangliu sustainablehealthydietsinchinaamultidimensionalframeworkandassessment
AT guojingli sustainablehealthydietsinchinaamultidimensionalframeworkandassessment
AT jinshangwen sustainablehealthydietsinchinaamultidimensionalframeworkandassessment