Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars

Abstract Self-secondaries are secondary craters formed in cogenetic ejecta deposits. Bearing important information on cratering mechanics and the applicability of remote age-determination technique using crater statistics, the spatial distribution of self-secondaries on Mars and their potential effe...

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Main Authors: Fanglu Luo, Zhiyong Xiao, Rui Xu, Yizhen Ma, Yiren Chang, Wei Cao, Yichen Wang, Jun Cui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02275-4
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author Fanglu Luo
Zhiyong Xiao
Rui Xu
Yizhen Ma
Yiren Chang
Wei Cao
Yichen Wang
Jun Cui
author_facet Fanglu Luo
Zhiyong Xiao
Rui Xu
Yizhen Ma
Yiren Chang
Wei Cao
Yichen Wang
Jun Cui
author_sort Fanglu Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Self-secondaries are secondary craters formed in cogenetic ejecta deposits. Bearing important information on cratering mechanics and the applicability of remote age-determination technique using crater statistics, the spatial distribution of self-secondaries on Mars and their potential effect on martian crater chronology remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that self-secondaries are scarce on Mars, possessing minor effect on crater chronology. Recognized self-secondaries primarily occur on rim deposits and are largely absent on layered ejecta deposits, suggesting that the emplacement of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits occurred in a narrow time window. Comparison with model-predicted distributions of self-secondaries suggests that fragments forming self-secondaries did not uniformly have near-vertical ejection angles and may have slightly larger angles than those of normal excavation flows, explaining their common occurrence on airless planetary bodies. The double-layered ejecta of Steinheim ceased emplacement earlier than single- and multiple-layered ejecta, possibly due to the higher volatile content in pre-impact target materials.
format Article
id doaj-art-71f03a68d70f4a13ade465d8e1eba9a1
institution OA Journals
issn 2662-4435
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-71f03a68d70f4a13ade465d8e1eba9a12025-08-20T02:28:04ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-04-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02275-4Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on MarsFanglu Luo0Zhiyong Xiao1Rui Xu2Yizhen Ma3Yiren Chang4Wei Cao5Yichen Wang6Jun Cui7Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityPlanetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityPlanetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityPlanetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityMathematics and Science College, Shanghai Normal UniversityPlanetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityPlanetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityPlanetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityAbstract Self-secondaries are secondary craters formed in cogenetic ejecta deposits. Bearing important information on cratering mechanics and the applicability of remote age-determination technique using crater statistics, the spatial distribution of self-secondaries on Mars and their potential effect on martian crater chronology remain uncharacterized. Here, we show that self-secondaries are scarce on Mars, possessing minor effect on crater chronology. Recognized self-secondaries primarily occur on rim deposits and are largely absent on layered ejecta deposits, suggesting that the emplacement of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits occurred in a narrow time window. Comparison with model-predicted distributions of self-secondaries suggests that fragments forming self-secondaries did not uniformly have near-vertical ejection angles and may have slightly larger angles than those of normal excavation flows, explaining their common occurrence on airless planetary bodies. The double-layered ejecta of Steinheim ceased emplacement earlier than single- and multiple-layered ejecta, possibly due to the higher volatile content in pre-impact target materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02275-4
spellingShingle Fanglu Luo
Zhiyong Xiao
Rui Xu
Yizhen Ma
Yiren Chang
Wei Cao
Yichen Wang
Jun Cui
Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars
Communications Earth & Environment
title Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars
title_full Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars
title_fullStr Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars
title_full_unstemmed Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars
title_short Contemporaneous formation of self-secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on Mars
title_sort contemporaneous formation of self secondaries and layered ejecta deposits on mars
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02275-4
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