Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota

Aims This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma and associated ocular characteristics in Thai patients with Naevus of Ota, comparing those with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis to those exhibiting only skin hyperpigmentation.Methods Patients who were di...

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Main Authors: Woraphong Manuskiatti, Sakaorat Petchyim, Darin Sakiyalak, Arnan Limmahachai, Supredee Pongrujikorn, Theerajate Phongsuphan, Thanchanit Sawetratanastien
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-05-01
Series:BMJ Open Ophthalmology
Online Access:https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/10/1/e002161.full
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author Woraphong Manuskiatti
Sakaorat Petchyim
Darin Sakiyalak
Arnan Limmahachai
Supredee Pongrujikorn
Theerajate Phongsuphan
Thanchanit Sawetratanastien
author_facet Woraphong Manuskiatti
Sakaorat Petchyim
Darin Sakiyalak
Arnan Limmahachai
Supredee Pongrujikorn
Theerajate Phongsuphan
Thanchanit Sawetratanastien
author_sort Woraphong Manuskiatti
collection DOAJ
description Aims This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma and associated ocular characteristics in Thai patients with Naevus of Ota, comparing those with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis to those exhibiting only skin hyperpigmentation.Methods Patients who were diagnosed with Naevus of Ota at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment by a glaucoma specialist. Those unable to cooperate in an outpatient setting were examined under general anaesthesia. The assessments comprised visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment findings, gonioscopy, corneal diameter (in patients aged <3 years) and fundus examination. Visual field and optical coherence tomography tests were performed as indicated.Results A total of 163 patients (184 eyes) were examined, including 115 eyes with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis. The mean age at examination was 15.0±15.6 years. Open-angle glaucoma was identified in 2 eyes (1.1%), ocular hypertension in 6 eyes (3.3%) and glaucoma suspicion in 16 eyes (8.7%). Among those with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis, ocular hypertension and glaucoma suspicion were more common (4.3% and 12.2%, respectively) than in those with only skin hyperpigmentation (1.4% and 2.9%, respectively).Conclusion Although the prevalence of glaucoma in Naevus of Ota is low, patients with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis are at greater risk of ocular hypertension and suspected glaucoma than are those with skin-only hyperpigmentation. Targeted screening, particularly in younger individuals and those requiring examination under general anaesthesia, should be considered. The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design, offering only a one-time view of a prolonged clinical progression. Moreover, the use of anaesthetic inhalation could have resulted in lower IOP readings during general anaesthesia.Trial registration number TCTR20210223004.
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spelling doaj-art-71db3a0d8bb6462aba969ee7c0ceaa542025-08-20T03:10:30ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Ophthalmology2397-32692025-05-0110110.1136/bmjophth-2025-002161Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of OtaWoraphong Manuskiatti0Sakaorat Petchyim1Darin Sakiyalak2Arnan Limmahachai3Supredee Pongrujikorn4Theerajate Phongsuphan5Thanchanit Sawetratanastien6Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandMahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandMahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandMahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandMahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandMahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandMahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandAims This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma and associated ocular characteristics in Thai patients with Naevus of Ota, comparing those with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis to those exhibiting only skin hyperpigmentation.Methods Patients who were diagnosed with Naevus of Ota at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment by a glaucoma specialist. Those unable to cooperate in an outpatient setting were examined under general anaesthesia. The assessments comprised visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior segment findings, gonioscopy, corneal diameter (in patients aged <3 years) and fundus examination. Visual field and optical coherence tomography tests were performed as indicated.Results A total of 163 patients (184 eyes) were examined, including 115 eyes with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis. The mean age at examination was 15.0±15.6 years. Open-angle glaucoma was identified in 2 eyes (1.1%), ocular hypertension in 6 eyes (3.3%) and glaucoma suspicion in 16 eyes (8.7%). Among those with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis, ocular hypertension and glaucoma suspicion were more common (4.3% and 12.2%, respectively) than in those with only skin hyperpigmentation (1.4% and 2.9%, respectively).Conclusion Although the prevalence of glaucoma in Naevus of Ota is low, patients with ocular melanocytosis or oculodermal melanocytosis are at greater risk of ocular hypertension and suspected glaucoma than are those with skin-only hyperpigmentation. Targeted screening, particularly in younger individuals and those requiring examination under general anaesthesia, should be considered. The main limitation of the study is its cross-sectional design, offering only a one-time view of a prolonged clinical progression. Moreover, the use of anaesthetic inhalation could have resulted in lower IOP readings during general anaesthesia.Trial registration number TCTR20210223004.https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/10/1/e002161.full
spellingShingle Woraphong Manuskiatti
Sakaorat Petchyim
Darin Sakiyalak
Arnan Limmahachai
Supredee Pongrujikorn
Theerajate Phongsuphan
Thanchanit Sawetratanastien
Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota
BMJ Open Ophthalmology
title Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota
title_full Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota
title_fullStr Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota
title_short Prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with Naevus of Ota
title_sort prevalence of glaucoma and characteristics of ocular manifestations in patients with naevus of ota
url https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/10/1/e002161.full
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