Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.

Introduction and Objectives: Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is the fourth cause of cancer death in Mexico, derived from fibrotic, metabolic and inflammatory alterations, modifiable by pirfenidone (PFD), which has shown beneficial effects at these levels. Our aim is to demonstrate the hepatoprotection of PFD...

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Main Authors: Scarlet Arceo-Orozco, Fernando Caloca-Camarena, Roberto Flores-Peña, Marina Galicia-Moreno, Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez, Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Annals of Hepatology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125000213
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author Scarlet Arceo-Orozco
Fernando Caloca-Camarena
Roberto Flores-Peña
Marina Galicia-Moreno
Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
author_facet Scarlet Arceo-Orozco
Fernando Caloca-Camarena
Roberto Flores-Peña
Marina Galicia-Moreno
Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
author_sort Scarlet Arceo-Orozco
collection DOAJ
description Introduction and Objectives: Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is the fourth cause of cancer death in Mexico, derived from fibrotic, metabolic and inflammatory alterations, modifiable by pirfenidone (PFD), which has shown beneficial effects at these levels. Our aim is to demonstrate the hepatoprotection of PFD in a model of HCC progression. Materials and Patients: To evaluate the effect of PFD in a setting similar to that of patients at risk for HCC, we developed an experimental model of neoplastic progression, with damage induction for 9 weeks, followed by free progression of the disease. Male Fischer-344 strain rats (n=18) were divided into three groups: CTL: untreated control; HCCp: damage progression group (generated by administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 50 mg/kg and 2-Acetaminofluorene (2AAF) 25 mg/kg weekly for 9 weeks and damage progression); and HCCp/PFD: damage progression group plus administration of PFD 300 mg/kg daily starting from week 9. The weight of the animals in the different study groups was recorded, and morphological and histopathological analyses of the liver were performed. H&E, Masson's Trichrome (MCT) and Sirius Red (SR) staining were performed, and GPC-3 and Ki-67 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. This was done in order to evaluate the presence and severity of fibrosis, malignancy and proliferation markers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests to identify differences between study groups. Comparisons with p values ≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: Treatment with PFD did not produce a difference in weight between the groups. However, it caused a tendency to decrease in body weight, net weight and relative liver weight. The morphological analysis of the liver of the HCCp/PFD group showed surface characteristics, coloration and consistency similar to the control, in addition to the evident attenuation in the progression of cancerous nodules, with a 34.02% reduction in the total tumor incidence. At the tissue level, PFD decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen I and III deposition. The fibrotic bridges present in the HCCp/PFD group are incipient and of interstitial disposition, contrary to the intensity and tissue restriction shown in the HCCp group. In addition, dysplastic changes were limited after PFD treatment, with a decrease in hyperchromasia and nuclear pleomorphism, fewer cells with loss of polarity and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, together with a decrease in necrotic cells, as well as a decrease in ductal reaction and destruction of portal triads compared to the damage group. Finally, in the HCCp/PFD group, the expression of both GPC-3 and Ki-67 was reduced, slowing tumor progression. Conclusions: PFD administration had a hepatoprotective effect on tumor progression and slowing of fibrosis in our experimental model based on our results, we can conclude that PFD could work at the level of primary prevention of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease.
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spelling doaj-art-71c69b95e4a44d36bec00212559290cd2025-08-20T02:13:53ZengElsevierAnnals of Hepatology1665-26812025-04-013010179710.1016/j.aohep.2025.101797Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.Scarlet Arceo-Orozco0Fernando Caloca-Camarena1Roberto Flores-Peña2Marina Galicia-Moreno3Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez4Juan Armendáriz-Borunda5Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoInstitute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoInstitute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoInstitute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoInstitute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, MexicoInstitute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey Guadalajara Campus, Zapopan, MexicoIntroduction and Objectives: Hepatocarcinoma (HCC) is the fourth cause of cancer death in Mexico, derived from fibrotic, metabolic and inflammatory alterations, modifiable by pirfenidone (PFD), which has shown beneficial effects at these levels. Our aim is to demonstrate the hepatoprotection of PFD in a model of HCC progression. Materials and Patients: To evaluate the effect of PFD in a setting similar to that of patients at risk for HCC, we developed an experimental model of neoplastic progression, with damage induction for 9 weeks, followed by free progression of the disease. Male Fischer-344 strain rats (n=18) were divided into three groups: CTL: untreated control; HCCp: damage progression group (generated by administration of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 50 mg/kg and 2-Acetaminofluorene (2AAF) 25 mg/kg weekly for 9 weeks and damage progression); and HCCp/PFD: damage progression group plus administration of PFD 300 mg/kg daily starting from week 9. The weight of the animals in the different study groups was recorded, and morphological and histopathological analyses of the liver were performed. H&E, Masson's Trichrome (MCT) and Sirius Red (SR) staining were performed, and GPC-3 and Ki-67 proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. This was done in order to evaluate the presence and severity of fibrosis, malignancy and proliferation markers. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc tests to identify differences between study groups. Comparisons with p values ≤0.05 were considered significant. Results: Treatment with PFD did not produce a difference in weight between the groups. However, it caused a tendency to decrease in body weight, net weight and relative liver weight. The morphological analysis of the liver of the HCCp/PFD group showed surface characteristics, coloration and consistency similar to the control, in addition to the evident attenuation in the progression of cancerous nodules, with a 34.02% reduction in the total tumor incidence. At the tissue level, PFD decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen I and III deposition. The fibrotic bridges present in the HCCp/PFD group are incipient and of interstitial disposition, contrary to the intensity and tissue restriction shown in the HCCp group. In addition, dysplastic changes were limited after PFD treatment, with a decrease in hyperchromasia and nuclear pleomorphism, fewer cells with loss of polarity and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, together with a decrease in necrotic cells, as well as a decrease in ductal reaction and destruction of portal triads compared to the damage group. Finally, in the HCCp/PFD group, the expression of both GPC-3 and Ki-67 was reduced, slowing tumor progression. Conclusions: PFD administration had a hepatoprotective effect on tumor progression and slowing of fibrosis in our experimental model based on our results, we can conclude that PFD could work at the level of primary prevention of HCC in patients with chronic liver disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125000213
spellingShingle Scarlet Arceo-Orozco
Fernando Caloca-Camarena
Roberto Flores-Peña
Marina Galicia-Moreno
Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.
Annals of Hepatology
title Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.
title_full Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.
title_fullStr Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.
title_full_unstemmed Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.
title_short Pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma.
title_sort pirfenidone limits the progression of malignancy and slows the development of fibrosis in experimental hepatocarcinoma
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1665268125000213
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