Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance

BackgroundThe fibularis brevis muscle (FBM)is a key stabilizer of the lateral ankle, yet its anatomy exhibits a notable degree of variability. While often overshadowed by the fibularis longus, FBM and its tendon (FBT) play critical roles in foot eversion, proprioception, and surgical reconstruction....

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Main Authors: Łukasz Olewnik, Ingrid C. Landfald, Daria Domosławska, Kacper Ruzik, George Triantafyllou, Maria Piagkou, Teresa Vázquez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1647407/full
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author Łukasz Olewnik
Łukasz Olewnik
Ingrid C. Landfald
Ingrid C. Landfald
Daria Domosławska
Daria Domosławska
Kacper Ruzik
Kacper Ruzik
George Triantafyllou
George Triantafyllou
Maria Piagkou
Maria Piagkou
Teresa Vázquez
Teresa Vázquez
author_facet Łukasz Olewnik
Łukasz Olewnik
Ingrid C. Landfald
Ingrid C. Landfald
Daria Domosławska
Daria Domosławska
Kacper Ruzik
Kacper Ruzik
George Triantafyllou
George Triantafyllou
Maria Piagkou
Maria Piagkou
Teresa Vázquez
Teresa Vázquez
author_sort Łukasz Olewnik
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe fibularis brevis muscle (FBM)is a key stabilizer of the lateral ankle, yet its anatomy exhibits a notable degree of variability. While often overshadowed by the fibularis longus, FBM and its tendon (FBT) play critical roles in foot eversion, proprioception, and surgical reconstruction. However, inconsistent terminology and limited integrative studies have hindered comprehensive clinical understanding.MethodsThis review synthesizes data from developmental anatomy, fetal and adult cadaveric dissections, comparative morphology across vertebrates, and clinical imaging. Anatomical classifications of the FBT and fibularis digiti quinti (FDQ) were evaluated alongside their embryological origins, phylogenetic trends, imaging correlates, and surgical relevance.ResultsA unified classification of FBT (Types I–IV) and FDQ (Types 1–3) is proposed, reflecting morphological, developmental, and radiological patterns. The FBM muscle demonstrates modular variability that parallels phylogenetic adaptations from complete absence in certain cursorial mammals to hypertrophy in arboreal primates. Variant tendinous insertions and accessory fascicles may mimic pathology in MRI or complicate surgical dissection.ConclusionFB represents a morpho-evolutionary continuum rather than a static anatomical unit. Recognition of its variants through improved classification, imaging protocols, and evolutionary insight is essential for anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. This integrative approach advances the clinical and biological understanding of lateral leg musculature.
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spelling doaj-art-71bf6d1b1bfe47f696986c1fb1b9e5cb2025-08-20T04:01:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-08-011310.3389/fcell.2025.16474071647407Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significanceŁukasz Olewnik0Łukasz Olewnik1Ingrid C. Landfald2Ingrid C. Landfald3Daria Domosławska4Daria Domosławska5Kacper Ruzik6Kacper Ruzik7George Triantafyllou8George Triantafyllou9Maria Piagkou10Maria Piagkou11Teresa Vázquez12Teresa Vázquez13Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovia Academy in Płock, Płock, Poland“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, PolandDepartment of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovia Academy in Płock, Płock, Poland“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, PolandDepartment of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovia Academy in Płock, Płock, Poland“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, PolandDepartment of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovia Academy in Płock, Płock, Poland“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, Poland“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece“VARIANTIS” Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mazovian Academy in Płock, Płock, PolandDonor Body Center, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, SpainBackgroundThe fibularis brevis muscle (FBM)is a key stabilizer of the lateral ankle, yet its anatomy exhibits a notable degree of variability. While often overshadowed by the fibularis longus, FBM and its tendon (FBT) play critical roles in foot eversion, proprioception, and surgical reconstruction. However, inconsistent terminology and limited integrative studies have hindered comprehensive clinical understanding.MethodsThis review synthesizes data from developmental anatomy, fetal and adult cadaveric dissections, comparative morphology across vertebrates, and clinical imaging. Anatomical classifications of the FBT and fibularis digiti quinti (FDQ) were evaluated alongside their embryological origins, phylogenetic trends, imaging correlates, and surgical relevance.ResultsA unified classification of FBT (Types I–IV) and FDQ (Types 1–3) is proposed, reflecting morphological, developmental, and radiological patterns. The FBM muscle demonstrates modular variability that parallels phylogenetic adaptations from complete absence in certain cursorial mammals to hypertrophy in arboreal primates. Variant tendinous insertions and accessory fascicles may mimic pathology in MRI or complicate surgical dissection.ConclusionFB represents a morpho-evolutionary continuum rather than a static anatomical unit. Recognition of its variants through improved classification, imaging protocols, and evolutionary insight is essential for anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons. This integrative approach advances the clinical and biological understanding of lateral leg musculature.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1647407/fullfibularis brevisanatomical variationtendon insertionembryologyfibularis digiti quintimusculoskeletal imaging
spellingShingle Łukasz Olewnik
Łukasz Olewnik
Ingrid C. Landfald
Ingrid C. Landfald
Daria Domosławska
Daria Domosławska
Kacper Ruzik
Kacper Ruzik
George Triantafyllou
George Triantafyllou
Maria Piagkou
Maria Piagkou
Teresa Vázquez
Teresa Vázquez
Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
fibularis brevis
anatomical variation
tendon insertion
embryology
fibularis digiti quinti
musculoskeletal imaging
title Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance
title_full Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance
title_fullStr Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance
title_full_unstemmed Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance
title_short Comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle: morphological variants and their clinical significance
title_sort comparative and developmental anatomy of the fibularis brevis muscle morphological variants and their clinical significance
topic fibularis brevis
anatomical variation
tendon insertion
embryology
fibularis digiti quinti
musculoskeletal imaging
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1647407/full
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