Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are particularly challenging to eradicate due to their protective niche, which increases bacterial resistance. This has encouraged the scientific community to explore new perspectives of control. Polymeric nanotechnology and the use of natural compounds have been emerg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanotechnology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jnt/4522031 |
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| author | A. Romero-Montero I. Nuñez-Tapia L. J. Melgoza-Ramírez C. Piña-Barba D. Giraldo-Gomez G. Leyva-Gómez M. L. Del Prado-Audelo |
| author_facet | A. Romero-Montero I. Nuñez-Tapia L. J. Melgoza-Ramírez C. Piña-Barba D. Giraldo-Gomez G. Leyva-Gómez M. L. Del Prado-Audelo |
| author_sort | A. Romero-Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are particularly challenging to eradicate due to their protective niche, which increases bacterial resistance. This has encouraged the scientific community to explore new perspectives of control. Polymeric nanotechnology and the use of natural compounds have been emerging as promising tools for treating antimicrobial resistance and preventing biofilms because the nanosize permits the disruption of biofilms, reducing the dose and decreasing the biomolecules’ limitations such as high volatility and low solubility, enhancing their antimicrobial properties. Our research developed nineteen unique formulations, each loaded with a specific Mexican natural compound with antibacterial and antioxidant properties: rosemary essential oil, p-cymene, oregano essential oil, and carvacrol, all encapsulated within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) and coated with mannitol. The nanosystems were characterized by physicochemical techniques showing an evident spherical morphology and an average size of around 200 nm, enhancing the oils’ stability within the polymeric matrix. Notably, the interaction of phytochemicals, unloaded and loaded NPs with MRSA (in sessile form and mature biofilm conformation), and fibroblast cells was analyzed. The antimicrobial activity of the natural molecules against MRSA was significantly enhanced up to 20 times higher when encapsulated in the nanosystems, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) observed as low as 0.443 mg/mL for carvacrol-loaded NPs. A synergistic effect was observed between the materials and the encapsulated natural compounds, resulting in potent antimicrobial properties and reduced bacterial growth and biofilm integrity (biofilm disruption > 50% for the better formulations). The cytotoxicity toward fibroblasts was reduced from 60% to 10% with the formulations showing safe profiles. This is the first study evaluating the effect of these NPs and the mannitol coating on mature MRSA biofilms, demonstrating promising results. Although simple in their approach, the novel nanomaterials proposed here represent multifunctional and comprehensive advancements in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and addressing the global challenge of resistant microorganisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-71bbad00454a4a06a0bb51ce7045e9d1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1687-9511 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-71bbad00454a4a06a0bb51ce7045e9d12025-08-20T02:09:25ZengWileyJournal of Nanotechnology1687-95112025-01-01202510.1155/jnt/4522031Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm ResistanceA. Romero-Montero0I. Nuñez-Tapia1L. J. Melgoza-Ramírez2C. Piña-Barba3D. Giraldo-Gomez4G. Leyva-Gómez5M. L. Del Prado-Audelo6Tecnologico de MonterreyInstituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesTecnologico de MonterreyInstituto de Investigaciones en MaterialesZeiss Microscopy Customer Center Bay AreaDepartamento de FarmaciaTecnologico de MonterreyStaphylococcus aureus biofilms are particularly challenging to eradicate due to their protective niche, which increases bacterial resistance. This has encouraged the scientific community to explore new perspectives of control. Polymeric nanotechnology and the use of natural compounds have been emerging as promising tools for treating antimicrobial resistance and preventing biofilms because the nanosize permits the disruption of biofilms, reducing the dose and decreasing the biomolecules’ limitations such as high volatility and low solubility, enhancing their antimicrobial properties. Our research developed nineteen unique formulations, each loaded with a specific Mexican natural compound with antibacterial and antioxidant properties: rosemary essential oil, p-cymene, oregano essential oil, and carvacrol, all encapsulated within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NPs) and coated with mannitol. The nanosystems were characterized by physicochemical techniques showing an evident spherical morphology and an average size of around 200 nm, enhancing the oils’ stability within the polymeric matrix. Notably, the interaction of phytochemicals, unloaded and loaded NPs with MRSA (in sessile form and mature biofilm conformation), and fibroblast cells was analyzed. The antimicrobial activity of the natural molecules against MRSA was significantly enhanced up to 20 times higher when encapsulated in the nanosystems, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) observed as low as 0.443 mg/mL for carvacrol-loaded NPs. A synergistic effect was observed between the materials and the encapsulated natural compounds, resulting in potent antimicrobial properties and reduced bacterial growth and biofilm integrity (biofilm disruption > 50% for the better formulations). The cytotoxicity toward fibroblasts was reduced from 60% to 10% with the formulations showing safe profiles. This is the first study evaluating the effect of these NPs and the mannitol coating on mature MRSA biofilms, demonstrating promising results. Although simple in their approach, the novel nanomaterials proposed here represent multifunctional and comprehensive advancements in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and addressing the global challenge of resistant microorganisms.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jnt/4522031 |
| spellingShingle | A. Romero-Montero I. Nuñez-Tapia L. J. Melgoza-Ramírez C. Piña-Barba D. Giraldo-Gomez G. Leyva-Gómez M. L. Del Prado-Audelo Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance Journal of Nanotechnology |
| title | Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance |
| title_full | Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance |
| title_short | Nano-Boosted Oils: A New Frontline Against Biofilm Resistance |
| title_sort | nano boosted oils a new frontline against biofilm resistance |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/jnt/4522031 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aromeromontero nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance AT inuneztapia nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance AT ljmelgozaramirez nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance AT cpinabarba nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance AT dgiraldogomez nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance AT gleyvagomez nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance AT mldelpradoaudelo nanoboostedoilsanewfrontlineagainstbiofilmresistance |