Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care
Background Up to 20–40% of survivors of any traumatic injury develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression after injury. Firearm injury survivors may be at even higher risk for adverse outcomes. We aimed to characterize PTSD and depression risk, pain symptoms, and ongoing functional li...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| Online Access: | https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/10/1/e001336.full |
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| author | Marc DeMoya Terri deRoon-Cassini Colleen Trevino Mary Elizabeth Schroeder Amber Brandolino Elise A Biesboer Carissa W Tomas Isabel R Johnson Sydney Timmer-Murillo |
| author_facet | Marc DeMoya Terri deRoon-Cassini Colleen Trevino Mary Elizabeth Schroeder Amber Brandolino Elise A Biesboer Carissa W Tomas Isabel R Johnson Sydney Timmer-Murillo |
| author_sort | Marc DeMoya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Up to 20–40% of survivors of any traumatic injury develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression after injury. Firearm injury survivors may be at even higher risk for adverse outcomes. We aimed to characterize PTSD and depression risk, pain symptoms, and ongoing functional limitations in firearm injury survivors early after hospital discharge.Methods Firearm injury survivors seen in the Trauma Quality of Life (TQOL) outpatient follow-up clinic 1–2 weeks after discharge were invited to participate in a survey assessing both mental and physical health outcomes. The survey included the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the 12-item Short Form Survey Physical Health component (SF-12)Results 306 patients were seen in the TQOL Clinic, and 175 responded to the survey. The mean age was 32 years (SD=12), 81% were male, and 79% were black. On the ITSS, 69% and 48% of patients screened risk positive for PTSD and depression, respectively. Patients reported mild depression symptoms with an average BDI score of 14.3 (SD=11.8) and elevated PTSD symptoms with an average PCL-5 score of 43.8 (SD=12.8). Patients with severe BPI scores were more likely to screen positive for depression and PTSD. Respondents scored >2 SD below the US national average on the SF-12 for physical quality of life (M=28.7). 12% of patients were at risk across all four domains of pain, PTSD, depression, and physical function.Conclusion Early after discharge, over two-thirds of firearm injury survivors were at risk for the development of PTSD, nearly half were at risk of depression, and physical function was significantly decreased. Trauma centers need to prioritize early, outpatient multidisciplinary care to treat and prevent the development of poor chronic physical and mental health for firearm injury survivors.Level of evidence III. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-71b910e87d334cdea675cb32ccd2a563 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2397-5776 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-71b910e87d334cdea675cb32ccd2a5632025-08-20T03:41:05ZengBMJ Publishing GroupTrauma Surgery & Acute Care Open2397-57762025-02-0110110.1136/tsaco-2023-001336Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary careMarc DeMoya0Terri deRoon-Cassini1Colleen Trevino2Mary Elizabeth Schroeder3Amber Brandolino4Elise A Biesboer5Carissa W Tomas6Isabel R Johnson7Sydney Timmer-Murillo8Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USAMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA2 Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USASurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USADivision of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USADivision of Trauma & Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USAComprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USATrauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USATrauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USABackground Up to 20–40% of survivors of any traumatic injury develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression after injury. Firearm injury survivors may be at even higher risk for adverse outcomes. We aimed to characterize PTSD and depression risk, pain symptoms, and ongoing functional limitations in firearm injury survivors early after hospital discharge.Methods Firearm injury survivors seen in the Trauma Quality of Life (TQOL) outpatient follow-up clinic 1–2 weeks after discharge were invited to participate in a survey assessing both mental and physical health outcomes. The survey included the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the 12-item Short Form Survey Physical Health component (SF-12)Results 306 patients were seen in the TQOL Clinic, and 175 responded to the survey. The mean age was 32 years (SD=12), 81% were male, and 79% were black. On the ITSS, 69% and 48% of patients screened risk positive for PTSD and depression, respectively. Patients reported mild depression symptoms with an average BDI score of 14.3 (SD=11.8) and elevated PTSD symptoms with an average PCL-5 score of 43.8 (SD=12.8). Patients with severe BPI scores were more likely to screen positive for depression and PTSD. Respondents scored >2 SD below the US national average on the SF-12 for physical quality of life (M=28.7). 12% of patients were at risk across all four domains of pain, PTSD, depression, and physical function.Conclusion Early after discharge, over two-thirds of firearm injury survivors were at risk for the development of PTSD, nearly half were at risk of depression, and physical function was significantly decreased. Trauma centers need to prioritize early, outpatient multidisciplinary care to treat and prevent the development of poor chronic physical and mental health for firearm injury survivors.Level of evidence III.https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/10/1/e001336.full |
| spellingShingle | Marc DeMoya Terri deRoon-Cassini Colleen Trevino Mary Elizabeth Schroeder Amber Brandolino Elise A Biesboer Carissa W Tomas Isabel R Johnson Sydney Timmer-Murillo Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| title | Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care |
| title_full | Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care |
| title_fullStr | Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care |
| title_full_unstemmed | Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care |
| title_short | Firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care |
| title_sort | firearm injury survivors report extreme high risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes early after hospital discharge necessitating multidisciplinary care |
| url | https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/10/1/e001336.full |
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