Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift

The Mw 7.0 Dingri earthquake, which occurred on 7 January 2025, occurred at the southern end of the Xainza-Dinggyê Fault Zone within the South Tibet Rift (STR) system, in the Dengmecuo graben. It is the largest normal-faulting event in the region recorded by modern instruments. Using Sentinel-1A and...

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Main Authors: Qingyi Liu, Jun Hua, Yingfeng Zhang, Wenyu Gong, Jianfei Zang, Guohong Zhang, Hongyi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1096
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author Qingyi Liu
Jun Hua
Yingfeng Zhang
Wenyu Gong
Jianfei Zang
Guohong Zhang
Hongyi Li
author_facet Qingyi Liu
Jun Hua
Yingfeng Zhang
Wenyu Gong
Jianfei Zang
Guohong Zhang
Hongyi Li
author_sort Qingyi Liu
collection DOAJ
description The Mw 7.0 Dingri earthquake, which occurred on 7 January 2025, occurred at the southern end of the Xainza-Dinggyê Fault Zone within the South Tibet Rift (STR) system, in the Dengmecuo graben. It is the largest normal-faulting event in the region recorded by modern instruments. Using Sentinel-1A and Lutan SAR data combined with strong-motion records, we derived the coseismic surface deformation and slip distribution. InSAR interferograms and displacement vectors confirm a typical normal-faulting pattern. The slip model, based on an elastic half-space assumption, identifies the Dengmecuo Fault as the source fault, with an average strike of ~187° and a dip of ~55°. The rupture was concentrated within the upper 10 km, with a maximum slip of 4–5 m at ~5 km depth, extending to the surface with ~3 m vertical displacement. Partial rupture (≤2 m) in the southern segment (5–10 km depth) did not reach the surface, likely due to lacustrine deposits or possible post-seismic stress release. The rupture bottom intersects the fault plane of the South Tibet Detachment System (STDS), suggesting a restraining effect on coseismic rupture propagation. Considering stress transfer along the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), we propose that the 2025 Dingri earthquake is closely associated with stress transfer following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in the lower Himalayas.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-71b02f3296aa48cab5314281ca30f7512025-08-20T03:43:40ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-01176109610.3390/rs17061096Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet RiftQingyi Liu0Jun Hua1Yingfeng Zhang2Wenyu Gong3Jianfei Zang4Guohong Zhang5Hongyi Li6State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics and Forecasting, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, ChinaKey Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe Mw 7.0 Dingri earthquake, which occurred on 7 January 2025, occurred at the southern end of the Xainza-Dinggyê Fault Zone within the South Tibet Rift (STR) system, in the Dengmecuo graben. It is the largest normal-faulting event in the region recorded by modern instruments. Using Sentinel-1A and Lutan SAR data combined with strong-motion records, we derived the coseismic surface deformation and slip distribution. InSAR interferograms and displacement vectors confirm a typical normal-faulting pattern. The slip model, based on an elastic half-space assumption, identifies the Dengmecuo Fault as the source fault, with an average strike of ~187° and a dip of ~55°. The rupture was concentrated within the upper 10 km, with a maximum slip of 4–5 m at ~5 km depth, extending to the surface with ~3 m vertical displacement. Partial rupture (≤2 m) in the southern segment (5–10 km depth) did not reach the surface, likely due to lacustrine deposits or possible post-seismic stress release. The rupture bottom intersects the fault plane of the South Tibet Detachment System (STDS), suggesting a restraining effect on coseismic rupture propagation. Considering stress transfer along the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), we propose that the 2025 Dingri earthquake is closely associated with stress transfer following the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in the lower Himalayas.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/10962025 Mw 7.0 Dingri earthquakeInSARcoseismic deformationstrong motionfinite-fault slip modelseismogenic structure
spellingShingle Qingyi Liu
Jun Hua
Yingfeng Zhang
Wenyu Gong
Jianfei Zang
Guohong Zhang
Hongyi Li
Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift
Remote Sensing
2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri earthquake
InSAR
coseismic deformation
strong motion
finite-fault slip model
seismogenic structure
title Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift
title_full Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift
title_fullStr Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift
title_full_unstemmed Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift
title_short Geodetic Observations and Seismogenic Structures of the 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri Earthquake: The Largest Normal Faulting Event in the Southern Tibet Rift
title_sort geodetic observations and seismogenic structures of the 2025 mw 7 0 dingri earthquake the largest normal faulting event in the southern tibet rift
topic 2025 Mw 7.0 Dingri earthquake
InSAR
coseismic deformation
strong motion
finite-fault slip model
seismogenic structure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1096
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