A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Abstract The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano recently resumed activity. Violent eruptions on 14th and 15th January 2022 launched a tall ash plume that produced extremely high lightning rates. Here we report a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) that was produced by the volcanic lightn...

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Main Authors: M. S. Briggs, S. Lesage, C. Schultz, B. Mailyan, R. H. Holzworth
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099660
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author M. S. Briggs
S. Lesage
C. Schultz
B. Mailyan
R. H. Holzworth
author_facet M. S. Briggs
S. Lesage
C. Schultz
B. Mailyan
R. H. Holzworth
author_sort M. S. Briggs
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano recently resumed activity. Violent eruptions on 14th and 15th January 2022 launched a tall ash plume that produced extremely high lightning rates. Here we report a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) that was produced by the volcanic lightning and observed from space by the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Observations by radio lightning networks and especially by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper show that the only lightning close enough to produce a TGF detectable by Fermi GBM was from the volcano's plume. With the observing duration of Fermi, observing a single TGF is consistent with the hypothesis that the volcanic lightning of this eruption produced TGFs at the average rate of thunderstorm lightning. The observation of a strong TGF from space also indicates that the electric field was oriented so as to accelerate electrons upward.
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id doaj-art-71ab8809355e494ba336e96f3ccbb83d
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publishDate 2022-07-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-71ab8809355e494ba336e96f3ccbb83d2025-08-20T03:14:16ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072022-07-014914n/an/a10.1029/2022GL099660A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic EruptionM. S. Briggs0S. Lesage1C. Schultz2B. Mailyan3R. H. Holzworth4Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR) University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL USADeptment of Space Sciences University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville AL USAEarth Science Office NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville AL USACenter for Astro, Particle and Planetary Physics New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAEEarth and Space Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA USAAbstract The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai submarine volcano recently resumed activity. Violent eruptions on 14th and 15th January 2022 launched a tall ash plume that produced extremely high lightning rates. Here we report a terrestrial gamma‐ray flash (TGF) that was produced by the volcanic lightning and observed from space by the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). Observations by radio lightning networks and especially by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper show that the only lightning close enough to produce a TGF detectable by Fermi GBM was from the volcano's plume. With the observing duration of Fermi, observing a single TGF is consistent with the hypothesis that the volcanic lightning of this eruption produced TGFs at the average rate of thunderstorm lightning. The observation of a strong TGF from space also indicates that the electric field was oriented so as to accelerate electrons upward.https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099660terrestrial gamma‐ray flasheslightningTGFHunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai
spellingShingle M. S. Briggs
S. Lesage
C. Schultz
B. Mailyan
R. H. Holzworth
A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
Geophysical Research Letters
terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes
lightning
TGF
Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai
title A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
title_full A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
title_fullStr A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
title_full_unstemmed A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
title_short A Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash From the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption
title_sort terrestrial gamma ray flash from the 2022 hunga tonga hunga ha apai volcanic eruption
topic terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes
lightning
TGF
Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099660
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