Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells

There is a growing interest in using agri-food by-products and a demand for natural substances that might help maintain healthy honey bee colonies. We investigated a by-product of the wine industry, a grape pomace (GP) of the autochthonous Prokupac grape cultivar from Serbia. A hydroethanolic extrac...

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Main Authors: Uroš Glavinić, Đura Nakarada, Jevrosima Stevanović, Uroš Gašić, Marko Ristanić, Miloš Mojović, Zoran Stanimirović
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/751
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author Uroš Glavinić
Đura Nakarada
Jevrosima Stevanović
Uroš Gašić
Marko Ristanić
Miloš Mojović
Zoran Stanimirović
author_facet Uroš Glavinić
Đura Nakarada
Jevrosima Stevanović
Uroš Gašić
Marko Ristanić
Miloš Mojović
Zoran Stanimirović
author_sort Uroš Glavinić
collection DOAJ
description There is a growing interest in using agri-food by-products and a demand for natural substances that might help maintain healthy honey bee colonies. We investigated a by-product of the wine industry, a grape pomace (GP) of the autochthonous Prokupac grape cultivar from Serbia. A hydroethanolic extract (50% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) ethanol) of GP (Prokupac GP extract) obtained by the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was subjected to qualitative profiling of phenolic composition by liquid chromatography with OrbiTrap Exploris 120 mass spectrometer. Then, the extracts’ antioxidant and redox-modulatory activities were evaluated through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Finally, the extract’s potential to modulate cellular redox status was evaluated using cultured AmE-711 honey bee cells. The results show that the Prokupac GP extract contains a wide array of flavonoids, anthocyanins, stilbenes, and their various conjugated derivatives and that anthocyanins, particularly malvidin-based compounds, dominate. EPR measurements showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) and hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), with inhibition efficiencies of 84.37% and 81.81%, respectively, while activity against the DPPH radical was lower (17.75%). In the cell-based assay, the Prokupac GP extract consistently provided strong antioxidant protection and modulated the cellular response to oxidative stress by over 14%. In conclusion, while the Prokupac GP extract demonstrated antioxidant properties and the ability to modulate cellular responses to oxidative stress, in vivo studies on honey bees are required to confirm its efficacy and safety for potential use in beekeeping practice.
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spelling doaj-art-71a7085c11024c53b0839393d2db61be2025-08-20T02:24:30ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-06-0114675110.3390/antiox14060751Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee CellsUroš Glavinić0Đura Nakarada1Jevrosima Stevanović2Uroš Gašić3Marko Ristanić4Miloš Mojović5Zoran Stanimirović6Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCenter for Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, BioScope Labs, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCenter for Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, BioScope Labs, Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThere is a growing interest in using agri-food by-products and a demand for natural substances that might help maintain healthy honey bee colonies. We investigated a by-product of the wine industry, a grape pomace (GP) of the autochthonous Prokupac grape cultivar from Serbia. A hydroethanolic extract (50% (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) ethanol) of GP (Prokupac GP extract) obtained by the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was subjected to qualitative profiling of phenolic composition by liquid chromatography with OrbiTrap Exploris 120 mass spectrometer. Then, the extracts’ antioxidant and redox-modulatory activities were evaluated through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Finally, the extract’s potential to modulate cellular redox status was evaluated using cultured AmE-711 honey bee cells. The results show that the Prokupac GP extract contains a wide array of flavonoids, anthocyanins, stilbenes, and their various conjugated derivatives and that anthocyanins, particularly malvidin-based compounds, dominate. EPR measurements showed strong scavenging activity against superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) and hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), with inhibition efficiencies of 84.37% and 81.81%, respectively, while activity against the DPPH radical was lower (17.75%). In the cell-based assay, the Prokupac GP extract consistently provided strong antioxidant protection and modulated the cellular response to oxidative stress by over 14%. In conclusion, while the Prokupac GP extract demonstrated antioxidant properties and the ability to modulate cellular responses to oxidative stress, in vivo studies on honey bees are required to confirm its efficacy and safety for potential use in beekeeping practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/751honey beegrape pomace extractEPRantioxidant behaviorredox modulationorbitrap
spellingShingle Uroš Glavinić
Đura Nakarada
Jevrosima Stevanović
Uroš Gašić
Marko Ristanić
Miloš Mojović
Zoran Stanimirović
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells
Antioxidants
honey bee
grape pomace extract
EPR
antioxidant behavior
redox modulation
orbitrap
title Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells
title_full Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells
title_fullStr Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells
title_full_unstemmed Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells
title_short Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Prokupac Grape Pomace Extract: Implications for Redox Modulation in Honey Bee Cells
title_sort chemical composition and antioxidant activity of prokupac grape pomace extract implications for redox modulation in honey bee cells
topic honey bee
grape pomace extract
EPR
antioxidant behavior
redox modulation
orbitrap
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/751
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