Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site

Objective To conduct an anatomic site-specific case–control study of candidate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors.Design Case–control study of US veterans with >1 colonoscopy during 1999–2011. Cases had cancer registry-identified CRC at colonoscopy, while controls were CRC free at colonosco...

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Main Authors: Samir Gupta, Lin Liu, Joshua Demb, Ashley Earles, María Elena Martínez, Ranier Bustamante, Alex K Bryant, James D Murphy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-08-01
Series:BMJ Open Gastroenterology
Online Access:https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000313.full
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author Samir Gupta
Lin Liu
Joshua Demb
Ashley Earles
María Elena Martínez
Ranier Bustamante
Alex K Bryant
James D Murphy
author_facet Samir Gupta
Lin Liu
Joshua Demb
Ashley Earles
María Elena Martínez
Ranier Bustamante
Alex K Bryant
James D Murphy
author_sort Samir Gupta
collection DOAJ
description Objective To conduct an anatomic site-specific case–control study of candidate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors.Design Case–control study of US veterans with >1 colonoscopy during 1999–2011. Cases had cancer registry-identified CRC at colonoscopy, while controls were CRC free at colonoscopy and within 3 years of colonoscopy. Primary outcome was CRC, stratified by anatomic site: proximal, distal, or rectal. Candidate risk factors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, height, diabetes, smoking status, and aspirin exposure summarised by adjusted ORs and 95% CIs.Results 21 744 CRC cases (n=7017 rectal; n=7039 distal; n=7688 proximal) and 612 646 controls were included. Males had significantly higher odds relative to females for rectal cancer (OR=2.84, 95% CI 2.25 to 3.58) than distal cancer (OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.24). Relative to whites, blacks had significantly lower rectal cancer odds (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95), but increased distal (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.37) and proximal odds (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.72). Diabetes prevalence was more strongly associated with proximal (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.36) than distal (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22) or rectal cancer (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19). Current smoking was more strongly associated with rectal cancer (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.68 to 1.95) than proximal cancer (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.65) or distal cancer (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.57) compared with never smoking. Aspirin use was significantly more strongly associated with reduced rectal cancer odds (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.76) than distal (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.90) or proximal (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.95).Conclusion Candidate CRC risk factor associations vary significantly by anatomic site. Accounting for site may enable better insights into CRC pathogenesis and cancer control strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-7194f37b034d4dfa8835c75cbd7e76792025-08-20T02:37:57ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Gastroenterology2054-47742019-08-016110.1136/bmjgast-2019-000313Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic siteSamir Gupta0Lin Liu1Joshua Demb2Ashley Earles3María Elena Martínez4Ranier Bustamante5Alex K Bryant6James D Murphy7Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 363 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USADepartment of Research, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA65 Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USADepartment of Research, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USADepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USADepartment of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USAObjective To conduct an anatomic site-specific case–control study of candidate colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors.Design Case–control study of US veterans with >1 colonoscopy during 1999–2011. Cases had cancer registry-identified CRC at colonoscopy, while controls were CRC free at colonoscopy and within 3 years of colonoscopy. Primary outcome was CRC, stratified by anatomic site: proximal, distal, or rectal. Candidate risk factors included age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, height, diabetes, smoking status, and aspirin exposure summarised by adjusted ORs and 95% CIs.Results 21 744 CRC cases (n=7017 rectal; n=7039 distal; n=7688 proximal) and 612 646 controls were included. Males had significantly higher odds relative to females for rectal cancer (OR=2.84, 95% CI 2.25 to 3.58) than distal cancer (OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.24). Relative to whites, blacks had significantly lower rectal cancer odds (OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95), but increased distal (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.37) and proximal odds (OR=1.62, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.72). Diabetes prevalence was more strongly associated with proximal (OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.36) than distal (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.22) or rectal cancer (OR=1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19). Current smoking was more strongly associated with rectal cancer (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.68 to 1.95) than proximal cancer (OR=1.53, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.65) or distal cancer (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.57) compared with never smoking. Aspirin use was significantly more strongly associated with reduced rectal cancer odds (OR=0.71, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.76) than distal (OR=0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.90) or proximal (OR=0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.95).Conclusion Candidate CRC risk factor associations vary significantly by anatomic site. Accounting for site may enable better insights into CRC pathogenesis and cancer control strategies.https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000313.full
spellingShingle Samir Gupta
Lin Liu
Joshua Demb
Ashley Earles
María Elena Martínez
Ranier Bustamante
Alex K Bryant
James D Murphy
Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
BMJ Open Gastroenterology
title Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
title_full Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
title_fullStr Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
title_short Risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
title_sort risk factors for colorectal cancer significantly vary by anatomic site
url https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/6/1/e000313.full
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