<i>Staphylococcus</i> Strains in Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Toxins Production and Resistance Properties

<i>Staphylococcus</i> Strains in Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Toxins Production and Resistance Properties

<i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. skin colonization is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). While coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains are known to worsen symptoms, the role of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) remains controversial. Furth...

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Main Authors: Asya Kudryavtseva, Fyodor Fluer, Lusine Khachatryan, Svetlana Makarova, Oksana Osipenko, Elena Ryzhii, Sergei Titarev, Denis Zaslavsky, Katerina Gelezhe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Life
Subjects:
atopic dermatitis
<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
enterotoxins
toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
antibiotic resistance
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/7/1120
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Summary:<i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. skin colonization is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). While coagulase-positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains are known to worsen symptoms, the role of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) remains controversial. Further research is needed to clarify the pathogenicity of CoNS in AD patients. A study involving 329 children with AD (mean age: 4.89 years) assessed the frequency of staphylococcal colonization on affected skin, along with the toxin-producing properties and antibiotic resistance of isolated strains. Mild AD: Predominantly colonized by CoNS (especially <i>S. epidermidis</i>). Moderate/Severe AD: Showed a significant increase in <i>S. aureus</i> colonization. CoNS (including <i>S. epidermidis</i>) could produce enterotoxins (A, B, C) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), though less frequently than <i>S. aureus</i> strains. In severe AD, the number of toxin-producing CoNS strains (especially enterotoxin A producers) was higher than in mild AD, and the number of non-toxin-producing strains was lower. CoNS exhibited higher resistance rates than <i>S. aureus</i>. Methicillin-resistant <i>S. epidermidis</i> (MRSE): 23.4%. Methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA): 1.27%. CoNS may contribute to AD pathogenesis through toxin production (exacerbating inflammation) and antibiotic resistance (limiting treatment options). Severe AD may involve a synergistic effect between <i>S. aureus</i> and toxin-producing CoNS.
ISSN:2075-1729

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