Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Abstract Low-fat plant-based diets cause weight loss in clinical trials. However, many foods are highly processed, raising the question as to their effect on body weight. This secondary analysis assessed the associations between changes in processed food intake and weight loss in 244 overweight adul...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00912-5 |
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| author | Hana Kahleova Tatiana Znayenko-Miller Arathi Jayaraman Giulianna Motoa Laura Chiavaroli Richard Holubkov Neal D. Barnard |
| author_facet | Hana Kahleova Tatiana Znayenko-Miller Arathi Jayaraman Giulianna Motoa Laura Chiavaroli Richard Holubkov Neal D. Barnard |
| author_sort | Hana Kahleova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Low-fat plant-based diets cause weight loss in clinical trials. However, many foods are highly processed, raising the question as to their effect on body weight. This secondary analysis assessed the associations between changes in processed food intake and weight loss in 244 overweight adults randomly assigned to a vegan (n = 122) or control group (n = 122) for 16 weeks. Three-day dietary records were analyzed using the NOVA system, which categorizes foods from 1 to 4, based on degree of processing. A repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and a multivariate regression model were used for statistical analysis. The consumption of animal foods in categories 1–4 decreased in the vegan group, compared with the control group. Body weight decreased in the vegan group (treatment effect − 5.9 kg [95% CI -6.7 to -5.0]; Gxt, p < 0.001). Changes in consumption of animal foods in categories 1–4 were positively associated with changes in body weight: r = + 0.34; p < 0.001 for category 1; r = + 0.18; p = 0.008 for category 2; r = + 0.17; p = 0.01 for category 3; and r = + 0.22; p = 0.001 for category 4. In no NOVA category was the consumption of plant-based processed foods positively and significantly associated with weight gain. The top three independent predictors of weight loss were reduced intakes of processed, unprocessed or minimally processed, and ultra-processed animal foods. These findings suggest that replacing animal products with plant-based foods may be an effective weight-loss strategy, even when processed plant-based foods are included. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7174fd37f2ba46b9868ba6f6262a5bba |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1743-7075 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-7174fd37f2ba46b9868ba6f6262a5bba2025-08-20T02:56:12ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752025-03-012211410.1186/s12986-025-00912-5Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trialHana Kahleova0Tatiana Znayenko-Miller1Arathi Jayaraman2Giulianna Motoa3Laura Chiavaroli4Richard Holubkov5Neal D. Barnard6Physicians Committee for Responsible MedicinePhysicians Committee for Responsible MedicinePhysicians Committee for Responsible MedicinePhysicians Committee for Responsible MedicineDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoSchool of Medicine, University of UtahPhysicians Committee for Responsible MedicineAbstract Low-fat plant-based diets cause weight loss in clinical trials. However, many foods are highly processed, raising the question as to their effect on body weight. This secondary analysis assessed the associations between changes in processed food intake and weight loss in 244 overweight adults randomly assigned to a vegan (n = 122) or control group (n = 122) for 16 weeks. Three-day dietary records were analyzed using the NOVA system, which categorizes foods from 1 to 4, based on degree of processing. A repeated measure ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and a multivariate regression model were used for statistical analysis. The consumption of animal foods in categories 1–4 decreased in the vegan group, compared with the control group. Body weight decreased in the vegan group (treatment effect − 5.9 kg [95% CI -6.7 to -5.0]; Gxt, p < 0.001). Changes in consumption of animal foods in categories 1–4 were positively associated with changes in body weight: r = + 0.34; p < 0.001 for category 1; r = + 0.18; p = 0.008 for category 2; r = + 0.17; p = 0.01 for category 3; and r = + 0.22; p = 0.001 for category 4. In no NOVA category was the consumption of plant-based processed foods positively and significantly associated with weight gain. The top three independent predictors of weight loss were reduced intakes of processed, unprocessed or minimally processed, and ultra-processed animal foods. These findings suggest that replacing animal products with plant-based foods may be an effective weight-loss strategy, even when processed plant-based foods are included.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00912-5NOVA classificationNutritionPlant-basedProcessedVegan |
| spellingShingle | Hana Kahleova Tatiana Znayenko-Miller Arathi Jayaraman Giulianna Motoa Laura Chiavaroli Richard Holubkov Neal D. Barnard Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial Nutrition & Metabolism NOVA classification Nutrition Plant-based Processed Vegan |
| title | Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial |
| title_full | Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial |
| title_fullStr | Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial |
| title_short | Vegan diet, processed foods, and body weight: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial |
| title_sort | vegan diet processed foods and body weight a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial |
| topic | NOVA classification Nutrition Plant-based Processed Vegan |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-025-00912-5 |
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