An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring

Abstract Automated Essay Scoring systems have traditionally relied on shallow lexical data, such as word frequency and sentence length, to assess essays. However, these approaches neglect crucial factors like text structure and semantics, resulting in limited evaluations of coherence and quality. To...

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Main Authors: John Atkinson, Diego Palma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87862-3
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author John Atkinson
Diego Palma
author_facet John Atkinson
Diego Palma
author_sort John Atkinson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Automated Essay Scoring systems have traditionally relied on shallow lexical data, such as word frequency and sentence length, to assess essays. However, these approaches neglect crucial factors like text structure and semantics, resulting in limited evaluations of coherence and quality. To address these limitations, we propose a hybrid approach to AES that combines multiple features from different linguistic levels. By leveraging the complementary nature of these features, our model captures the intricate relationships underlying coherent texts. Through extensive experimentation using standard essay datasets, we demonstrate that our large language model based hybrid model surpasses state-of-the-art methods based on shallow features and pure neural networks. This research represents a significant advancement towards the development of an accurate and effective tool for assessing student writing.
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spelling doaj-art-71710f5260594af4bb6bc15fed19ddb52025-08-20T03:14:06ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-011511910.1038/s41598-025-87862-3An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoringJohn Atkinson0Diego Palma1AI EmpoweredAI EmpoweredAbstract Automated Essay Scoring systems have traditionally relied on shallow lexical data, such as word frequency and sentence length, to assess essays. However, these approaches neglect crucial factors like text structure and semantics, resulting in limited evaluations of coherence and quality. To address these limitations, we propose a hybrid approach to AES that combines multiple features from different linguistic levels. By leveraging the complementary nature of these features, our model captures the intricate relationships underlying coherent texts. Through extensive experimentation using standard essay datasets, we demonstrate that our large language model based hybrid model surpasses state-of-the-art methods based on shallow features and pure neural networks. This research represents a significant advancement towards the development of an accurate and effective tool for assessing student writing.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87862-3Automated essay scoringLarge language modelsGPTNatural-language processingNeural context embeddingsTransformer
spellingShingle John Atkinson
Diego Palma
An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
Scientific Reports
Automated essay scoring
Large language models
GPT
Natural-language processing
Neural context embeddings
Transformer
title An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
title_full An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
title_fullStr An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
title_full_unstemmed An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
title_short An LLM-based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
title_sort llm based hybrid approach for enhanced automated essay scoring
topic Automated essay scoring
Large language models
GPT
Natural-language processing
Neural context embeddings
Transformer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87862-3
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