Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids

Summary: We examine a standard scheme to obtain the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (NHH) from the Lindblad master equation by neglecting its jump term, and propose an alternative approach to address its limitations. The NHH obtained by the conventional scheme fails to provide a good approximation for fer...

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Main Authors: Teng Xiao, Gentaro Watanabe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225009022
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author Teng Xiao
Gentaro Watanabe
author_facet Teng Xiao
Gentaro Watanabe
author_sort Teng Xiao
collection DOAJ
description Summary: We examine a standard scheme to obtain the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (NHH) from the Lindblad master equation by neglecting its jump term, and propose an alternative approach to address its limitations. The NHH obtained by the conventional scheme fails to provide a good approximation for fermionic many-body systems, even on short timescales. To resolve this issue, we present a framework called the local NHH formalism, which describes the loss process in each individual mode locally. This formalism is applicable to general dissipative fermionic systems and remains consistent with the underlying Lindblad master equation at the level of the equations of motion of local observables. The local NHH formalism also provides a convenient framework for spectral analysis, compared to the Lindblad master equation. As an illustration, we consider a fermionic superfluid subject to one-body loss and find the loss-induced population increase. The conventional NHH fails to capture these unique phenomena.
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spelling doaj-art-716b9bf4ea73475bb7d8b2ad5dd3cd1b2025-08-20T03:05:42ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-06-0128611264110.1016/j.isci.2025.112641Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluidsTeng Xiao0Gentaro Watanabe1School of Physics and Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China; Corresponding authorSchool of Physics and Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China; Corresponding authorSummary: We examine a standard scheme to obtain the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (NHH) from the Lindblad master equation by neglecting its jump term, and propose an alternative approach to address its limitations. The NHH obtained by the conventional scheme fails to provide a good approximation for fermionic many-body systems, even on short timescales. To resolve this issue, we present a framework called the local NHH formalism, which describes the loss process in each individual mode locally. This formalism is applicable to general dissipative fermionic systems and remains consistent with the underlying Lindblad master equation at the level of the equations of motion of local observables. The local NHH formalism also provides a convenient framework for spectral analysis, compared to the Lindblad master equation. As an illustration, we consider a fermionic superfluid subject to one-body loss and find the loss-induced population increase. The conventional NHH fails to capture these unique phenomena.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225009022Natural sciencesPhysicsCondensed matter physics
spellingShingle Teng Xiao
Gentaro Watanabe
Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids
iScience
Natural sciences
Physics
Condensed matter physics
title Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids
title_full Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids
title_fullStr Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids
title_full_unstemmed Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids
title_short Local non-Hermitian Hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss-induced population increase in Fermi superfluids
title_sort local non hermitian hamiltonian formalism for dissipative fermionic systems and loss induced population increase in fermi superfluids
topic Natural sciences
Physics
Condensed matter physics
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225009022
work_keys_str_mv AT tengxiao localnonhermitianhamiltonianformalismfordissipativefermionicsystemsandlossinducedpopulationincreaseinfermisuperfluids
AT gentarowatanabe localnonhermitianhamiltonianformalismfordissipativefermionicsystemsandlossinducedpopulationincreaseinfermisuperfluids