The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks

The common oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.), though ecologically important and long-lived, has declined in Northern Europe due to historical land use and conifer-dominated forestry. In Latvia, where its distribution is limited, oaks support a rich biodiversity through features like tree-rel...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Diāna Jansone, Agnese Anta Liepiņa, Ilze Barone, Didzis Elferts, Zane Lībiete, Roberts Matisons
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Diversity
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/7/484
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849303496846737408
author Diāna Jansone
Agnese Anta Liepiņa
Ilze Barone
Didzis Elferts
Zane Lībiete
Roberts Matisons
author_facet Diāna Jansone
Agnese Anta Liepiņa
Ilze Barone
Didzis Elferts
Zane Lībiete
Roberts Matisons
author_sort Diāna Jansone
collection DOAJ
description The common oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.), though ecologically important and long-lived, has declined in Northern Europe due to historical land use and conifer-dominated forestry. In Latvia, where its distribution is limited, oaks support a rich biodiversity through features like tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) and diverse epiphytic communities. This study compared TreM and epiphyte diversity between planted mature oaks and relict champion oak trees across 16 forest stands. Epiphyte species were recorded using fixed-area frames on tree trunks, and TreMs were categorized following a hierarchical typology. Champion trees hosted significantly more TreMs and a greater variety, including 10 unique TreMs. While overall epiphyte diversity indices did not differ significantly, champion trees supported more specialist and woodland key habitat indicator species. The findings underscore the ecological value of legacy trees, which provide complex habitats essential for specialist taxa and indicators of forest continuity. Conserving such trees is vital for maintaining forest biodiversity and supporting ecosystem resilience in managed landscapes.
format Article
id doaj-art-7156a71d65eb46a0b02ec60decaf4a29
institution Kabale University
issn 1424-2818
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Diversity
spelling doaj-art-7156a71d65eb46a0b02ec60decaf4a292025-08-20T03:58:26ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-07-0117748410.3390/d17070484The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature OaksDiāna Jansone0Agnese Anta Liepiņa1Ilze Barone2Didzis Elferts3Zane Lībiete4Roberts Matisons5Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, LatviaLatvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, LatviaThe common oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.), though ecologically important and long-lived, has declined in Northern Europe due to historical land use and conifer-dominated forestry. In Latvia, where its distribution is limited, oaks support a rich biodiversity through features like tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) and diverse epiphytic communities. This study compared TreM and epiphyte diversity between planted mature oaks and relict champion oak trees across 16 forest stands. Epiphyte species were recorded using fixed-area frames on tree trunks, and TreMs were categorized following a hierarchical typology. Champion trees hosted significantly more TreMs and a greater variety, including 10 unique TreMs. While overall epiphyte diversity indices did not differ significantly, champion trees supported more specialist and woodland key habitat indicator species. The findings underscore the ecological value of legacy trees, which provide complex habitats essential for specialist taxa and indicators of forest continuity. Conserving such trees is vital for maintaining forest biodiversity and supporting ecosystem resilience in managed landscapes.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/7/484biodiversityepiphytestree-related microhabitatsoakchampion tree
spellingShingle Diāna Jansone
Agnese Anta Liepiņa
Ilze Barone
Didzis Elferts
Zane Lībiete
Roberts Matisons
The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks
Diversity
biodiversity
epiphytes
tree-related microhabitats
oak
champion tree
title The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks
title_full The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks
title_fullStr The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks
title_full_unstemmed The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks
title_short The Older, the Richer? A Comparative Study of Tree-Related Microhabitats and Epiphytes on Champion and Planted Mature Oaks
title_sort older the richer a comparative study of tree related microhabitats and epiphytes on champion and planted mature oaks
topic biodiversity
epiphytes
tree-related microhabitats
oak
champion tree
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/7/484
work_keys_str_mv AT dianajansone theolderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT agneseantaliepina theolderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT ilzebarone theolderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT didziselferts theolderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT zanelibiete theolderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT robertsmatisons theolderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT dianajansone olderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT agneseantaliepina olderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT ilzebarone olderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT didziselferts olderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT zanelibiete olderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks
AT robertsmatisons olderthericheracomparativestudyoftreerelatedmicrohabitatsandepiphytesonchampionandplantedmatureoaks