Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>
It is known that the ciliate <i>Paramecium</i> cell surface including cilia is completely covered by high-molecular-mass GPI-anchored proteins named surface antigens (SAgs). However, their functions are not well understood. It was found that ciliate <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Masahiro Fujishima |
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| description | It is known that the ciliate <i>Paramecium</i> cell surface including cilia is completely covered by high-molecular-mass GPI-anchored proteins named surface antigens (SAgs). However, their functions are not well understood. It was found that ciliate <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> reversibly changes its SAgs depending on the absence or presence of the endonuclear symbiotic bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> in the macronucleus. Immunofluorescence microscopy with a monoclonal antibody produced SAg of the <i>H. obtusa</i>-free <i>P. caudatum</i> strain RB-1-labeled cell surface of the <i>H. obtusa</i>-free <i>P. caudatum</i> RB-1 cell but not the <i>H. obtusa</i>-bearing RB-1 cell. When this antibody was added to the living <i>P. caudatum</i> RB-1 cells, only <i>H. obtusa</i>-free cells were immobilized. An immunoblot with SAgs extracted from <i>Paramecium</i> via cold salt/ethanol treatment showed approximately 266-kDa SAgs in the extract from <i>H. obtusa</i>-free cells and 188 and 149-kDa SAgs in the extract from <i>H. obtusa</i>-bearing cells. <i>H. obtusa</i>-free RB-1 cells produced from <i>H. obtusa</i>-bearing cells via treatment with penicillin-G-potassium re-expressed 266-kDa SAg, while the 188 and 149-kDa SAgs disappeared. This phenotypic change in the SAgs was not induced by degrees of starvation or temperature shifts. These results definitively show that <i>Paramecium</i> SAgs have functions related to bacterial infection. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-7148ca73473d4078aefb60cd8bb75cf12025-08-20T03:14:36ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113599110.3390/microorganisms13050991Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i>Masahiro Fujishima0Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8512, JapanIt is known that the ciliate <i>Paramecium</i> cell surface including cilia is completely covered by high-molecular-mass GPI-anchored proteins named surface antigens (SAgs). However, their functions are not well understood. It was found that ciliate <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> reversibly changes its SAgs depending on the absence or presence of the endonuclear symbiotic bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> in the macronucleus. Immunofluorescence microscopy with a monoclonal antibody produced SAg of the <i>H. obtusa</i>-free <i>P. caudatum</i> strain RB-1-labeled cell surface of the <i>H. obtusa</i>-free <i>P. caudatum</i> RB-1 cell but not the <i>H. obtusa</i>-bearing RB-1 cell. When this antibody was added to the living <i>P. caudatum</i> RB-1 cells, only <i>H. obtusa</i>-free cells were immobilized. An immunoblot with SAgs extracted from <i>Paramecium</i> via cold salt/ethanol treatment showed approximately 266-kDa SAgs in the extract from <i>H. obtusa</i>-free cells and 188 and 149-kDa SAgs in the extract from <i>H. obtusa</i>-bearing cells. <i>H. obtusa</i>-free RB-1 cells produced from <i>H. obtusa</i>-bearing cells via treatment with penicillin-G-potassium re-expressed 266-kDa SAg, while the 188 and 149-kDa SAgs disappeared. This phenotypic change in the SAgs was not induced by degrees of starvation or temperature shifts. These results definitively show that <i>Paramecium</i> SAgs have functions related to bacterial infection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/991<i>Paramecium caudatum</i><i>Holospora obtusa</i>endonuclear symbiotic bacteriabacterial infectionendosymbiosisphenotypic change in the host |
| spellingShingle | Masahiro Fujishima Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> Microorganisms <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> <i>Holospora obtusa</i> endonuclear symbiotic bacteria bacterial infection endosymbiosis phenotypic change in the host |
| title | Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> |
| title_full | Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> |
| title_fullStr | Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> |
| title_short | Infection with the Endonuclear Symbiotic Bacterium <i>Holospora obtusa</i> Reversibly Alters Surface Antigen Expression of the Host <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> |
| title_sort | infection with the endonuclear symbiotic bacterium i holospora obtusa i reversibly alters surface antigen expression of the host i paramecium caudatum i |
| topic | <i>Paramecium caudatum</i> <i>Holospora obtusa</i> endonuclear symbiotic bacteria bacterial infection endosymbiosis phenotypic change in the host |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/991 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT masahirofujishima infectionwiththeendonuclearsymbioticbacteriumiholosporaobtusaireversiblyalterssurfaceantigenexpressionofthehostiparameciumcaudatumi |