Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges in requirements engineering (RE) due to the complexity of heterogeneous devices and dynamic user needs. Traditional RE methodologies often result in inefficient resource utilization and poor system performance....
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5826 |
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| author | José Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Carolina Tripp-Barba Aníbal Zaldívar-Colado Pedro Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Pablo Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón |
| author_facet | José Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Carolina Tripp-Barba Aníbal Zaldívar-Colado Pedro Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Pablo Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón |
| author_sort | José Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges in requirements engineering (RE) due to the complexity of heterogeneous devices and dynamic user needs. Traditional RE methodologies often result in inefficient resource utilization and poor system performance. This research presents the goal-oriented requirements analysis (GORA) methodology, which optimizes requirement specification, resource allocation, and sustainability in IoT development. GORA addresses both functional and non-functional requirements, such as energy efficiency and security, while minimizing computational overhead and reducing resource wastage. The methodology integrates goal-oriented requirements analysis language i* and model-driven development (MDD) through a three-stage transformation process involving the i* RA model, UML class diagrams, and Python source code generation. A case study demonstrates how GORA improves system reliability, performance, and sustainability. Furthermore, an empirical evaluation was conducted in a simulated IoT environment, measuring key metrics such as energy consumption, latency, and code-generation error rate. A comparative analysis with existing RE and MDD approaches is also presented to highlight GORA’s advantages in feature coverage, sustainability support, and automation level. This work underscores the need for structured IoT RE frameworks and positions GORA as a foundation for future research in sustainable IoT development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7146dc56599c41f4a8f0c70ca49d2c68 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-7146dc56599c41f4a8f0c70ca49d2c682025-08-20T02:32:50ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511582610.3390/app15115826Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis FrameworkJosé Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón0Carolina Tripp-Barba1Aníbal Zaldívar-Colado2Pedro Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón3Pablo Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón4Facultad de Informática Mazatlán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82017, MexicoFacultad de Informática Mazatlán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82017, MexicoFacultad de Informática Mazatlán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82017, MexicoFacultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología Mazatlán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82017, MexicoFacultad de Derecho Mazatlán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Mazatlán 82017, MexicoThe rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges in requirements engineering (RE) due to the complexity of heterogeneous devices and dynamic user needs. Traditional RE methodologies often result in inefficient resource utilization and poor system performance. This research presents the goal-oriented requirements analysis (GORA) methodology, which optimizes requirement specification, resource allocation, and sustainability in IoT development. GORA addresses both functional and non-functional requirements, such as energy efficiency and security, while minimizing computational overhead and reducing resource wastage. The methodology integrates goal-oriented requirements analysis language i* and model-driven development (MDD) through a three-stage transformation process involving the i* RA model, UML class diagrams, and Python source code generation. A case study demonstrates how GORA improves system reliability, performance, and sustainability. Furthermore, an empirical evaluation was conducted in a simulated IoT environment, measuring key metrics such as energy consumption, latency, and code-generation error rate. A comparative analysis with existing RE and MDD approaches is also presented to highlight GORA’s advantages in feature coverage, sustainability support, and automation level. This work underscores the need for structured IoT RE frameworks and positions GORA as a foundation for future research in sustainable IoT development.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5826IoTsustainable IoT systemsrequirements analysisinternet of thingsIoT software systems developmentgoal-oriented requirements analysis |
| spellingShingle | José Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Carolina Tripp-Barba Aníbal Zaldívar-Colado Pedro Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Pablo Alfonso Aguilar-Calderón Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework Applied Sciences IoT sustainable IoT systems requirements analysis internet of things IoT software systems development goal-oriented requirements analysis |
| title | Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework |
| title_full | Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework |
| title_short | Enhancing Sustainable IoT Systems Through a Goal-Oriented Requirements Analysis Framework |
| title_sort | enhancing sustainable iot systems through a goal oriented requirements analysis framework |
| topic | IoT sustainable IoT systems requirements analysis internet of things IoT software systems development goal-oriented requirements analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5826 |
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