Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort

Abstract Background Growing evidence shows that ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the risk of cancer. However, prospective evidence is limited on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of ultra-processed food consumpti...

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Main Authors: Ya-Dong Li, Yong-Xin Fu, Le-Lan Gong, Ting Xie, Wei Tan, Hao Huang, Sheng-Jie Zeng, Chuan Liu, Zheng-Ju Ren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-10-01
Series:BMC Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03677-5
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author Ya-Dong Li
Yong-Xin Fu
Le-Lan Gong
Ting Xie
Wei Tan
Hao Huang
Sheng-Jie Zeng
Chuan Liu
Zheng-Ju Ren
author_facet Ya-Dong Li
Yong-Xin Fu
Le-Lan Gong
Ting Xie
Wei Tan
Hao Huang
Sheng-Jie Zeng
Chuan Liu
Zheng-Ju Ren
author_sort Ya-Dong Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Growing evidence shows that ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the risk of cancer. However, prospective evidence is limited on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption and RCC incidence and mortality in a large cohort of US adults. Methods A population-based cohort of 101,688 participants were included from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Ultra-processed food items were confirmed by using the NOVA food classification system. The consumption of ultra-processed food was expressed as a percentage of total food intake (g/day). Prospective associations were calculated using Cox regression. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to assess nonlinearity. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the potential effect modifiers on the incidence and mortality of RCC. Results A total of 410 participants developed RCC during a total of 899,731 person-years of follow-up (median 9.41 years) and 230 RCC deaths during 1,533,930 person-years of follow-up (median 16.85 years). In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest compared with the lowest quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption had a higher risk of RCC (HR quartile 4 vs 1:1.42; 95% CI: 1.06–1.91; P trend = 0.004) and mortality (HR quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.10–2.43; P trend = 0.027). Linear dose–response associations with RCC incidence and mortality were observed for ultra-processed food consumption (all P nonlinearity > 0.05). The reliability of these results was supported by sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusion In conclusion, higher consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with an increased risk of RCC incidence and mortality. Limiting ultra-processed food consumption might be a primary prevention method of RCC.
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spelling doaj-art-7146c7fe62f64d7bba2c8baea9f8c6852025-08-20T02:17:50ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152024-10-0122111310.1186/s12916-024-03677-5Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohortYa-Dong Li0Yong-Xin Fu1Le-Lan Gong2Ting Xie3Wei Tan4Hao Huang5Sheng-Jie Zeng6Chuan Liu7Zheng-Ju Ren8Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityThe Third Affiliated Hospitalof , Kunming Medical UniversityGuizhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Background Growing evidence shows that ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the risk of cancer. However, prospective evidence is limited on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption and RCC incidence and mortality in a large cohort of US adults. Methods A population-based cohort of 101,688 participants were included from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Ultra-processed food items were confirmed by using the NOVA food classification system. The consumption of ultra-processed food was expressed as a percentage of total food intake (g/day). Prospective associations were calculated using Cox regression. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to assess nonlinearity. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the potential effect modifiers on the incidence and mortality of RCC. Results A total of 410 participants developed RCC during a total of 899,731 person-years of follow-up (median 9.41 years) and 230 RCC deaths during 1,533,930 person-years of follow-up (median 16.85 years). In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest compared with the lowest quintiles of ultra-processed food consumption had a higher risk of RCC (HR quartile 4 vs 1:1.42; 95% CI: 1.06–1.91; P trend = 0.004) and mortality (HR quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.10–2.43; P trend = 0.027). Linear dose–response associations with RCC incidence and mortality were observed for ultra-processed food consumption (all P nonlinearity > 0.05). The reliability of these results was supported by sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Conclusion In conclusion, higher consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with an increased risk of RCC incidence and mortality. Limiting ultra-processed food consumption might be a primary prevention method of RCC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03677-5Ultra-processed foodRenal cell cancer (RCC)Prospective cohortCancer prevention
spellingShingle Ya-Dong Li
Yong-Xin Fu
Le-Lan Gong
Ting Xie
Wei Tan
Hao Huang
Sheng-Jie Zeng
Chuan Liu
Zheng-Ju Ren
Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort
BMC Medicine
Ultra-processed food
Renal cell cancer (RCC)
Prospective cohort
Cancer prevention
title Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort
title_full Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort
title_fullStr Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort
title_full_unstemmed Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort
title_short Ultra-processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality: results from a large prospective cohort
title_sort ultra processed food consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality results from a large prospective cohort
topic Ultra-processed food
Renal cell cancer (RCC)
Prospective cohort
Cancer prevention
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-024-03677-5
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