An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly cancer with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate after chemotherapy, posing a significant clinical challenge. To elucidate the molecular basis of chemotherapy (chemo)-resistance and to develop methods to effectively eliminate chem...

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Main Authors: Shunsaku Nakagawa, Taku Sato, Eriko Ohashi, Mihoko Kajita, Fuyuki Miya, Kouhei Yamamoto, Hiroki Yotsumata, Kazuya Yamaguchi, Yasuaki Nakajima, Akinori Miura, Yusuke Kinugasa, Toshiaki Ohteki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07869-4
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author Shunsaku Nakagawa
Taku Sato
Eriko Ohashi
Mihoko Kajita
Fuyuki Miya
Kouhei Yamamoto
Hiroki Yotsumata
Kazuya Yamaguchi
Yasuaki Nakajima
Akinori Miura
Yusuke Kinugasa
Toshiaki Ohteki
author_facet Shunsaku Nakagawa
Taku Sato
Eriko Ohashi
Mihoko Kajita
Fuyuki Miya
Kouhei Yamamoto
Hiroki Yotsumata
Kazuya Yamaguchi
Yasuaki Nakajima
Akinori Miura
Yusuke Kinugasa
Toshiaki Ohteki
author_sort Shunsaku Nakagawa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly cancer with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate after chemotherapy, posing a significant clinical challenge. To elucidate the molecular basis of chemotherapy (chemo)-resistance and to develop methods to effectively eliminate chemo-resistant tumor clones, we established an ESCC organoid (ESCCO) library from 24 ESCC patients of various stages, ages, and treatments. These ESCCOs faithfully recapitulate the oncogenic mutations observed in the original ESCC tissues and manifest tumorigenic properties when xenografted. The ESCCOs respond differently to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat ESCC patients, with 7 ESCCOs exhibiting potent chemo-resistance. Notably, the chemo-resistant ESCCOs show higher genes involved in antioxidant stress response pathways and more accessible chromatin at their loci than the sensitive ESCCOs. These genes can serve as valuable biomarkers to stratify chemo-resistant ESCCs in histopathological specimens. Through drug screening using the ESCCO library, we reveal that fedratinib effectively induces cell death in chemo-resistant ESCCOs. Collectively, our human ESCCO model offers novel insights into the mechanism of chemo-resistance in ESCCs, which is critical for developing effective therapeutic approaches to eradicate the recurrence of ESCCs.
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spelling doaj-art-713cc00ef2944f6ca3f659066210a4fa2025-08-20T03:04:53ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-04-018111510.1038/s42003-025-07869-4An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC featuresShunsaku Nakagawa0Taku Sato1Eriko Ohashi2Mihoko Kajita3Fuyuki Miya4Kouhei Yamamoto5Hiroki Yotsumata6Kazuya Yamaguchi7Yasuaki Nakajima8Akinori Miura9Yusuke Kinugasa10Toshiaki Ohteki11Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (formerly Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU))Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (formerly Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU))Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (formerly Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU))Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (formerly Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU))Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of MedicineDepartment of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (formerly Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU))Department of Esophageal Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome HospitalDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Esophageal Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome HospitalDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Science TokyoDepartment of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Laboratory, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo (formerly Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU))Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly cancer with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate after chemotherapy, posing a significant clinical challenge. To elucidate the molecular basis of chemotherapy (chemo)-resistance and to develop methods to effectively eliminate chemo-resistant tumor clones, we established an ESCC organoid (ESCCO) library from 24 ESCC patients of various stages, ages, and treatments. These ESCCOs faithfully recapitulate the oncogenic mutations observed in the original ESCC tissues and manifest tumorigenic properties when xenografted. The ESCCOs respond differently to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, chemotherapeutic agents commonly used to treat ESCC patients, with 7 ESCCOs exhibiting potent chemo-resistance. Notably, the chemo-resistant ESCCOs show higher genes involved in antioxidant stress response pathways and more accessible chromatin at their loci than the sensitive ESCCOs. These genes can serve as valuable biomarkers to stratify chemo-resistant ESCCs in histopathological specimens. Through drug screening using the ESCCO library, we reveal that fedratinib effectively induces cell death in chemo-resistant ESCCOs. Collectively, our human ESCCO model offers novel insights into the mechanism of chemo-resistance in ESCCs, which is critical for developing effective therapeutic approaches to eradicate the recurrence of ESCCs.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07869-4
spellingShingle Shunsaku Nakagawa
Taku Sato
Eriko Ohashi
Mihoko Kajita
Fuyuki Miya
Kouhei Yamamoto
Hiroki Yotsumata
Kazuya Yamaguchi
Yasuaki Nakajima
Akinori Miura
Yusuke Kinugasa
Toshiaki Ohteki
An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features
Communications Biology
title An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features
title_full An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features
title_fullStr An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features
title_full_unstemmed An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features
title_short An organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) uncovers the chemotherapy-resistant ESCC features
title_sort organoid library of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas esccs uncovers the chemotherapy resistant escc features
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07869-4
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